GGR107H1 Chapter Notes -Geopolitics, Macroeconomics

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29 May 2012

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There is also a developmental side to the story, views from people socially. Three major agents of development: nation- states, international development institutions and ngos. Many international development organization have made erroneous assumptions about distribution of power and decision making. In the global north often there are many people within families and an unequal distribution of resources. In the global south there is a western model of the nuclear household and households are more homogeneous. Women are expected harvest agriculture in certain countries. Women may also have the responsibility of caring for their children. The state has been a primary agent of development. Ideology is also an important role of the state in development. World bank often is responsible for the interconnectedness of the world s economy. Thematic case study 7. 5: states and the geopolitics of development. At the time of terrorist attacks on washington dc world leaders have been making comments that link terrorism to poverty.

Related Questions

Bob has an electric motor and a generator. Which pairs of energy terms are the most closely related to the development of a motor and a generator?

In the development of Young's double-slit experiment, a smallangle approximation (tan Î¸ â sin Î¸) was used to find the lateraldisplacements of the maxima (bright) and the minima (dark)positions. How good is this approximation? For example, what is thepercentage error for Î¸ = 10 degrees?

One facet of the central field approximation for many-electronatoms is that inner-shell electrons screen the nuclear charge. Tounderstand how this works quantitatively, first note that theprobability distributions for electrons in different shellsgenerally do not overlap much. For instance, the electrons in the Mshell (n=3) are almost always farther from the nucleus than theelectrons of the K (n=1) and L (n=2) shells. Thus, it is a goodapproximation to assume that the inner shells completely screen thenucleus from the outer shells. For example, if there are tenelectrons altogether in the K and L shells of an atom, then theelectrons in the M shell experience force from a charge of roughlyZ-10, where Z is the charge on the nucleus as an integer multipleof e, the magnitude of the charge on an electron. This is calledthe effective nuclear charge Z_eff.

a. In a beryllium atom (Z=4), how many electrons are in the Kshell?
Express your answer as an integer.

b. n xenon (Z=54), what is the effective charge Z_eff experiencedby an electron in the M (n=3) shell?
Express your answer as an integer.

c. How many electrons are there altogether in the K, L, and Mshells of xenon? Recall that for n=3, the orbital quantum number lmust be zero, one, or two and that m_l can take any value betweenpostive and negative l.
Express your answer as an integer.

d.

The idea of simply subtracting the number of inner-shell electronsworks well only for atoms with low values of Z. For atoms withlarger nuclear charge, the different shapes of the probabilitydistributions for different subshells becomes an important factor.For instance, in the N shell, electrons in the s subshell have amuch higher probability than those in the p or d subshells of beingfound closer to the nucleus than some of the K, L, or M electrons.It is said that the s electrons penetrate the inner shells morereadily than do the p or d electrons. Therefore, it is to beexpected that our simple subtraction model may not work well forouter-shell s electrons in large atoms. Keeping this in mind, wesee that the effective nuclear charge Z_eff for the outermostelectron in an atom may be found experimentally by measuring theionization energy of an atom and then calculating the effectivecharge using the equation

E_n=- \frac{Z_{\rm eff}^2}{n^2}(13.6\;\rm eV).

The energy for the 5p valence electron in indium (Z=49) is -5.79electron volts. What is the effective nuclear charge Z_effexperienced by this electron?
Express your answer to three significant figures.

GGR107H1 Chapter Notes -Geopolitics, Macroeconomics

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