HLTB21H3 : HLTA01H3 ALL CHAPTERS SUMMARIES

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champagnearmadillo9

1 Jul 2012

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Hlta01h3 chapter 1 the nature of plagues1/19/2012 11:24:00 am. -unlike infections caused by inhalation (inhalation means entry of disease during respiratory), aspiration is produced by choking. Secretions in the mouth get past the choking reflex and instead of going into the esophagus ( ) and stomach, mistakenly enter the lungs. -the outbreak of legionnaires" disease have been traced to water heaters, whirlpool baths, respiratory therapy equipment and ultrasonic misters used in grocery stores. Toxic shock syndrome tss= the source of mary"s infection and the possibility that it might be spread thru the population as a sexually transmitted disease (std). -however, tss was note an std, it linked to the use of certain types of tampons, especially those containing cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose with polyester foam, which provided a favorable environment for the toxin- producing s. aureus. -the symptoms of tss are begin with vomiting and high fever followed by lightheadedness and fainting, the throat felt sore, and the muscles ached.

Related Questions

Bacteria that cause sexually transmitted diseases are generally only found in fluid environments (particularly body fluids), and are often gram-negative. Such infections are not transmitted through casual contact. Bacteria that cause respiratory infections and sore throats are commonly transmitted through casual contact, and are often gram-positive. Explain both of these situations using cell wall structure.

crimsongrasshopper358

During the golden age of antibiotic discovery, many new antibiotics were isolated from the soil. Recent studies have found that soil bacteria are naturally resistant to most antibotics. Some of the soil bacteria may even use antibiotics as a nutrient source. Antibiotics must kill a broad spectrum of bacteria while being absorbed harmlessly by the body. Most antibiotics were developed based on Ehrlich "magic bullet" paradigm which is suited to testing antibiotic efficacy in a lab. However, infections are more complex than a pure culture on media in a petri plate. Antibiotic resistance conjures up the pre-antibiotic era of medicine in the early 20th century. The emergence of a plasmid mediated resistance to carbopenems, a last-line drug against a variety of bacteria was alarming to public health workers. Antibiotics may cause collateral damage like a C. diff infection that leads to colitis.

5. Why is a bacterial infection that involves a biofilm harder to control with antibiotics than an infection which does not involve a biofilm?

6. Explain how taking antibiotics would cause the bacteria Clostridium difficle, which is part of the healthy colon microbiome, to become pathogenic?

7. How do bacteria resist antibiotics?

Bacteria also develop resistance to biocides. Traditional cleaning methods for equipment may have limitations. For example, patients who recieve a bed used by a prior patient with a bacterial infection are at an increased risk for being colonized and infected by that same bacteria. In addition, bacteria in a healthcare setting are exposed to disinfection which selects for the resistant members of that bacterial population. No-touch methods of disinfection, i.e. uv light or hydrogen peroxide vapor, of equipment may be an improvement. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29214175# (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

8. Are biofilms a concern when disinfecting equipment? Why?

During the Flint, MI water crises as levels of chlorine fell in the drinking water cases of Legionnaires' disease increased. Legionnaires' disease is a water borne infectious disease caused by Legionella. One study reported that for every drop in cholorine concentration of mg/L of river water the odds of a reported case of Legionnaire's disease increased by 80%, thus establishing not causation but association. Some argued that Legionella is tolerant of chlorine, espceillay when it grows in biofilms and that the temperature difference between lake and river water accounts for the increase in Legionella infections. The recommended level of chlorine to treat water for drinking is 0.2-0.5 mg/L.

doi:10.1126/science.aat2210 Was Flintâs deadly Legionnairesâ epidemic caused by low chlorine levels in the water supply? David Shult (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.z

Was Flintâs deadly Legionnairesâ epidemic caused by low chlorine levels in the water supply?

9. What effect would increasing the concentration of chlorine to 1.4 mg/L have had on the people who drink Flint water?

10. What happens to the water pipes when chlorine levels are increased to control bacteria? Could these uninteded consequences increase bacterial growth?