Anthropology 1027A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Underlying Representation, Complementary Distribution, Phoneme
15 Aug 2012
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Phonemic representation (example [tae(squiggle on top)n]) nasal, a case of assimilation: notes: The underlying or phonemic representation (ur) contains only unpredictable information(/taen/: [ae] is predictable before nasal consonants) Features predictable from the context are introduced by rules /ae/ [ae]/ ___ nasal consonant. The output of rule application is the surface or phonetic representation (pr: derivation. A derivation is the conversion of an underlying representation into a phonetic representation. In words: liquids devoice after voiceless stops, at the beginning of a syllable. In ipa symbols: /l,r/ [voiceless l,r]/ $ [p,t,k] ___: rules and allophony. Consider the distribution of [t] and [tf] in the following data from language x. No minimal pairs, so we look for complementary distribution. [t] occurs before all other vowels and word-finally (i. e. elsewhere) [t] and [tf] are in complementary distribution and are therefore allophones of one phoneme. [t] is the phoneme because it is the elsewhere sound: notes.
