ENVB 2050 Lecture Notes - Allele Frequency, Genotype Frequency, Genetic Drift

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Individuals do no evolve; populations do: a population is a group of individuals of a single species that live and interbreed in a particular geographic area at the same time. Most populations are genetically variable: nearly all populations have genetic variation for many characters. Evolutionary change can be measure by allele and genotype frequencies: allele frequencies are usually estimated in locally interbreeding groups, Mendelian populations, within a geographic population of a species: allele frequency = p = (number of copies of the allele in the pop. The genetic structure of a population does not change over time if certain conditions exist. Several conditions must exist for a population to be at hardy- Weinberg equilibrium: mating is random, population size is infinite, there is no gene flow, there is no mutation, natural selection does not affect the survival of particular genotypes, the hardy-weinberg equation: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.

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