Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B Lecture Notes - Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Penicillin Binding Proteins, Glycopeptide Antibiotic

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beigereindeer807

21 Sep 2012

School

Western University

Department

Microbiology and Immunology

Course

Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B

Professor

C.Y.Kang

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Document Summary

A chemical compound that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Disinfectants antimicrobial agents that are applied to inanimate objects (e. g. floors, tables, walls, etc. ) Antiseptics antimicrobial agents that are sufficiently nontoxic to be applied to living tissues (e. g. hand sanitizers) Antibiotics antimicrobial agents produced by bacteria and fungi that are exploited by humans (delivered topically and internally) Nature is the best producer of antibacterial compounds. Found colonies of staphylococci couldn"t grow around a contaminating mold. Nobel prize in physiology and medicine (1945) Antibiotics represent one of our most effective therapeutics against bacterial infections. The availability of antibiotics enables cancer chemotherapy, organ transplantation, all invasive surgeries. Bacterial endocarditis infection of heart valves. Antibiotics (and antibiotic resistance) have been around for a very long time, far before the use of antibiotics in a clinical setting. Ancient dna from frozen permafrost (about 30,000 years old) has found antibiotic resistance genes. Antibiotics either kill bacteria, or stop them from growing.

Related Questions

What are the common sources for natural
antibiotics? How do these antimicrobial drugs differ
from growth factor analogs, such as the sulfa drugs?
Why are b-lactam antibiotics generally more effective
against gram-positive bacteria than against gramnegative
bacteria?

jadewombat482

MUST BE IN YOUR OWN WORDS!!!!

You must be thinking right now, what is a superbug? Is it a tenfoot tall mutated form of a flying two-headed cockroach? Actually,you cannot see superbugs with the naked eye. Superbugs have comeabout by way of overuse and abuse of antibiotics and yet the termstill sounds like a cheap Hollywood Science-fiction horrorflick.

Have you ever wondered how antibiotics actually work? They candifferentiate your human cells from bacterial cells. Penicillinprevents bacterium from building a cell wall; animal cells do nothave cell walls. The first antibiotic (penicillin) was discoveredin the 1920s by Alexander Fleming. It wasnât until the 1940s thatit was commercialized. The delay was caused by difficulty inproducing appropriate quantities. By the time it wascommercialized, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) was identified as resistant. In fact, whenaccepting his Nobel prize, Fleming cautioned the scientificcommunity on antibiotic resistance. In 1959, resistant Shigellashowed resistance to tetracycline. In 1962, MRSA was found to beresistant to methicillin. This same bacteria developed resistanceto linezolid in 2001, vancomycin in 2002, and ceftaroline in 2011.Ceftaroline was only on the market for one year before resistancewas identified. According to the Center for Disease and Control(CDC), 23,000 deaths have been caused by antibiotic resistance(CDC, 2018). Visit the CDC web page for detailed information aboutantibiotic/antimicrobial resistance. (Links to an externalsite.)Links to an external site.

Take a Side

Should antibiotic use on livestock be restricted? Furthermore,discuss the societal impact of antibiotic resistance.

ivorywoodchuck593

1))Why is it important for the CDC to put a great effort in to creating new antimicrobials and antibiotics?

2)How has the therapeutic treatment of microbes changed over time and how must we change to prevent microbes from becoming âsmarterâ?

3)Include in your answer something that you can do to prevent antimicrobial resistance.

pucerhinoceros872

Microbiology and Immunology 2500A/B Lecture Notes - Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Penicillin Binding Proteins, Glycopeptide Antibiotic

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