GGR345H5 Chapter Notes -Foreign Direct Investment, Bretton Woods Conference, Economic Globalization

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emeralddog909

24 Sep 2012

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Particularly in the dealings of europeans with the global south. Not all member of the organizations are equal (ex. Globalization as a term describing the growing interconnectedness of the world, has a relatively recent history. The importance of trade to access resources which were not locally avaioable has a much longer history, starting from exchanges between local communities with different natural resource endowments. Colonies were viewed as sources of primary resources. Some places would become the heart of trading while other became the periphery. Of course, these trading links and economic connections were not neutral. Much of the global south"s population were taken advantage of and the global south"s economy, just like most of it citizens, went down a negative path. As the world becomes more inconnected (in an uneven way) there have been calls for new forms of governance institutions for certain regulations. Bretton woods conference (after wwii and the great depression) led to the creation of imf, world.

Related Questions

Astrophysicists in the 1960s tried to explain the existence and thestructure of pulsars â extremely regular astronomical sources ofradio pulses whose periods ranged from seconds to milliseconds. Atone point, these radio sources were given the acronym LGM, standingfor âLittle Green Men,â a reference to the idea that they might besignals of extraterrestrial civilizations. The explanation giventoday is no less interesting. Consider the following. Our Sun,which is a fairly typical star, has a mass of 1.99x10^30 kg and aradius of 6.69x10^8 m. Although it does not rotate uniformly,because it isnât a solid body, its average rate of rotation isabout 1 rev / 25 days. Stars larger than the sun can end theirlives in spectacular explosions called supernovae, leaving behindcollapsed remnants of the stars called neutron stars. Neutron starshave masses comparable to the original masses of the stars, butradii of only a few kilometers. These stars emit beams of radiowaves. Because of the rapid angular speed of the stars, the beamssweep past Earth at regular, very short, intervals. To produce theobserved radio-wave pulses, the star has to rotate at rates fromabout 1 rev/s to 1000 rev/s.

a. Estimate the rotation rate of the Sun if it were to collapseinto a neutron star of radius 10 km. The Sun is not a uniformsphere of gas, and its moment of inertia is given by I = 0.059MR2.Assume that the neutron star is spherical and has a uniform massdistribution.
b. Is the rotational kinetic energy of our Sun greater of smallerafter the collapse? By what factor does it change, and where doesthe energy go to or come from?

3. 3 Stratosphere-troposphere exchange

The rate of exchange of air between the troposphere and thestratosphere is critical for determining the potential of variouspollutants emitted from the surface to reach the stratosphere andaffect the stratospheric ozone layer. One of the first estimates ofthis rate was made in the 1960s using measurements of strontium-90(90Sr) in the stratosphere. Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope(half-life 28 years) produced in nuclear explosions. It has nonatural sources. Large amounts of 90Sr were injected into thestratosphere in the 1950s by above-ground nuclear tests. Thesetests were banned by international treaty in 1962. Following thetest ban the stratospheric concentrations of 90Sr began to decreaseas 90Sr was transferred to the troposphere. In the troposphere,90Sr is removed by wet deposition with a lifetime of 10 days (bycontrast there is no rain, and hence no wet deposition, in thestratosphere). An intensive stratospheric measurement network wasoperated in the 1960s to monitor the decay of 90Sr in thestratosphere. We interpret these observations here using a 2-boxmodel for stratosphere-troposphere exchange with transfer rateconstants kTS and kST (yr-1) between the tropospheric andstratospheric reservoirs. The reservoirs are assumed to beindividually well-mixed.

Let mS and mT represent the masses of 90Sr in the stratosphere andin the troposphere respectively. Observations of the decrease inthe stratospheric inventory for the period 1963-1967 can be fittedto an exponential mS(t) = mS(0)exp(-kt) where k = 0.77 yr-1.

1. Write mass balance equations for mS and mT in the 1963-1967period.

2. Assuming that transfer of 90Sr from the troposphere to thestratosphere is negligible (we will verify this assumption later),show that the residence time of air in the stratosphere is tS =1/kST = 1.3 years.

3. Let m'T and m'S represent the total masses of air in thetroposphere and the stratosphere, respectively. Show that theresidence time of air in the troposphere is tT = tS (m'T/m'S) = 7.4years. Conclude as to the validity of your assumption in question2.

4. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have been adopted asreplacement products for the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which werebanned by the Montreal protocol because of their harmful effect onthe ozone layer. In contrast to the CFCs, the HCFCs can be oxidizedin the troposphere, and the oxidation products washed out byprecipitation, so that most of the HCFCs do not penetrate into thestratosphere to destroy ozone. Two common HCFCs have trade namesHCFC-123 and HCFC-124; their lifetimes against oxidation in thetroposphere are 1.4 years and 5.9 years, respectively. There are noother sinks for these species in the troposphere. Using our 2-boxmodel, determine what fractions of the emitted HCFC-123 andHCFC-124 penetrate the stratosphere.

1. If a car's wheels are replaced with wheels of greater diameter,will the reading of the speedometer change? Explain.

2. Weightlessness in space is known to have harmful effects on thebodies of people in space. To set up inhabitants (people) in space,it has been suggested that rotating cylinders about 10 miles longand 5 miles in diameter be placed in space. The purpose of theirrotation is to simulate gravity for the people so they have weight.Explain how this is possible?
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Please use DragMath to submit the solutions to problems No. 5 and 6of Activity 9A on page 129 of Bendall & Howison.
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1. Why do the string instruments go flat (lower frequencies) andthe wind instruments go sharp (higher frequencies) during aperformance if an orchestra doesn't warm up beforehand?
2. If you were carrying a fish tank filled with water, what willhappen if your walking frequency matches the natural frequency ofthe water in the tank?
Good luck with these questions. I look forward to a heartydiscussion by Friday this week.
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1. Household circuits are always wired so that the electricaldevices are connected in parallel. Why is this so?
2. How are circuit breakers connected in the household circuits(series or parallel)? What is the use of a circuit breaker? Why isit more advantageous to use a circuit breaker compared to using afuse?
Hope to hear your answers soon.
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Mathematical Question:
Try the question on capacitors Activity 14C no. 3. You can useDragmath to submit your solution. If you are scanning your answersand uploading a file, please keep its size small.
Challenge Question:
A fully charged parallel-plate capacitor remains connected to abattery while you slide a dielectric between the plates. Do thefollowing quantities increase, decrease, or stay the same? (a)capacitance, C (b) charge, Q (c) electric field, E between theplates, (d) change in voltage, V (e) energy stored in thecapacitor.
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Twisted wires: In electrical circuits, it is often the case thatinsulated wires carrying currents in opposite directions aretwisted together. What is the advantage in doing this?
Have a go; looking forward to some interesting replies.
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Metal detectors in airports: When you walk through the doorway ofan airport metal detector, you are really walking through a coil ofmany turns, i.e. an inductor connected to a resonant circuit tunedto the resonant frequency when there is no metal in the inductor.So how does this circuit detect any metal that is in your pocketwhen you walk through the metal detector?
Looking forward to your replies.
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GGR345H5 Chapter Notes -Foreign Direct Investment, Bretton Woods Conference, Economic Globalization

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