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HMB265H1 Final: Study notes for lecture 5

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redtermite204
18 Apr 2011
School
UTSG
Department
Human Biology
Course
HMB265H1
Professor
Stephen Wright

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HMB265H1 Full Course Notes
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HMB265H1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Explanation: obscure journal, too heavy on statistics for then-audience, results assumed pea-specific, exceptions to 3:1 ratio exist. Exceptions to mendel"s rules mean they"re not universally applicable. Exceptions can be explained in mendian terms of segregation and independent assortment. championed by w. bateson: genotype where mendel"s laws always apply, relationship between genotype and phenotype can change, dominance and recessiveness particular to traits. cross inbred red with inbred white: f1 is pink, f2 is red, pink, and white in 1:2:1. mendelian: phenotypic ratios same as genotypic ratios. heterozygote has new phenotype, different from parents": neither allele is dominant or recessive to the other, rw notation. In humans familial hypercholesteraemia: disease leading to high level of bad cholesterol, heterozygote has intermediate level. cross inbred red with inbred white: f1 is half red, half white, phenotypic ratios same as genotypic ratios. heterozygote has both phenotypes, not an intermediate: equal expression of parent phenotypes, rw notation.

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Related Questions

These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.​

Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?

Select the four correct statements.

-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios.
-In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance.
-In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance.
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios.
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios.
-The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios.
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon.
-Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon.

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of non-Mendelianinheritance?

Question 1 options:

incomplete dominance

codominance

epistasis

heterozygosity

Question 2

A ________ is the location of a gene on a chromosome.

Question 2 options:

gene house

genotype

locus

allele

Question 3

Alleles come in many forms, and all of them are expressedequally.

Question 3 options:
True
False

Question 4

To determine the genotype of an individual expressing a dominantphenotype, we have to perform a _______________ with an individualthat is homozygous recessive.

Question 4 options:

test cross

independent cross

segregation

alternation

Question 5

__________ is the study of transmission of biologicalinformation from one generation to the next and how the informationis expressed.

Question 5 options:

Mendelism

allelism

heterozygotics

genetics

Question 6

Mendel

Complete the four-part question.

1)

a)

If you have an organism in which the A allele is dominant to the a allele, a heterozygote will produce gametes of either A or a. This is what leads to two phenotypes among the offspring in an F2 cross (ie. Aa x Aa). In genetic terms this is called

a. dominant

b. recessive

c. segregation

d. independent assortment

e. none of the above

b)

If you have an organism of genotype AaBb (A dominant to a, and B dominant to b), there will be 4 phenotypic classes among F2 progeny in a 9:3:3:1 ratio. In genetic terms this is an example of

a. dominant

b. recessive

c. segregation

d. independent assortment

e. none of the above

c)

Which type of nuclear division produces diploid cells from diploid cells? Haploid cells from diploid cells?

a. fission, fusion

b. meiosis, mitosis

c. mitosis, meiosis

d. linkage, independent assortment

e. none of the above

d)

If a pea plant shows a recessive phenotype

a. it can be either TT or Tt

b. it can be either Tt or tt

c. it can be only TT

d. it can only be tt

e. it can be TT, Tt ot tt