BIOA02H3 : LIFE 8th Edition

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jadeplatypus710

19 Apr 2011

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BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

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In this chapter, we will see how biologists identify the hereditary and experiment underpinnings of behaviour. We will consider how genes and environment interact to shape the development of both the behaviour of individuals and the long-term evolution of behaviour. Animals perform many stereotypic and species-species behaviours without prior experience. Experiments and distinguish between genetic and environmental influences on behaviour. In a deprivation experiment, an animal is deprived of all experience relevant to the behaviour under study so that is genetic component can be assessed. Deprived tree squirrel did not exhibit digging and burying behaviours until, a nut given to it triggered the behaviours. In a genetic experiment, investigators are able to compare the behaviours of individuals that differ in only one or a few known genes. Inherited behaviours are often t riggered by simple stimuli called releasers (an object, event or condition required to elicit behaviour. In the deprived squirrel example, the nut would be the releaser.

Related Questions

Consider the following articles, and answer the questions below.Mitchell MD, Chivers DP, Brown GE, Ferrari MCO. 2016. Living on theedge: How does environmental risk affect the behavioural andcognitive ecology of prey? Anim Behav. 115: 185-192.

Greig EI and Webster MS. 2014. How do novel signals originate?The evolution of fairy-wren songs from predator to displaycontexts. Anim Behav. 88: 57-65.

PetrÅ¯ M, Å pinka M, CharvÃ¡tovÃ¡ V, Lhota S. 2009. Revisiting playelements and self handicapping in play: A comparative ethogram offive Old World monkey species. J Comp Psychol. 123(3): 250-263.

Answer these questions :

1. Which of the above studies examined proximate causes ofbehaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support youranswer?

2. Which of the above studies examined ultimate causes ofbehaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support youranswer?

3. Which of the above studies examine the evolution of abehaviour? What evidence do the authors provide to support youranswer?

silverelk818

Thinking of behaviours an organism can adapt, at the very basean action can always be either selfish or altruistic(cooperative).

Usually, selfish behaviour is assumed to be the preferred choiceand the question is how altruistic behaviour comes about.

But if reciprocal altruism can give both participants a higherbenefit than their respective costs (which it usually does), whywould selfish behaviour (in the sense of behaviour which reapsbenefit at another entity's expense) be what we assume to happen?If evolution tends to optimise things, why does it not optimisethis?

Using a specific behaviour as an example, explain the difference between proximate causes and ultimate causes of behaviour.

harlequinpug244

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BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

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