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BIOL 204 Study Guide - Desiccation, Metabolic Waste, Organogenesis

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chocolategoat330
20 Oct 2012
School
UBC
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 204
Professor
Wolfram Tetzlaff

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Document Summary

Fertilized egg (zygote) rapidly divides to form a morula (solid ball of cells). Blastula formation cells form a blastula, with the hollow space inside called the blastocoel. Zygote rapidly divides, but cleavage is limited to a disk due to the large yolk. Hypoblast forms on top of the yolk, with the epiblast on top. Space between hypoblast and epiblast is the blastocoel. Cells from the outer surface migrate through the primitive streak, forming the three embryonic layers. Hensen"s node then moves posteriorly to close the primitive streak. Cells from outer surface migrate through the blastopore, forming the three embryonic layers. Mesoderm further differentiates and the neural tube and notochord appear. Coelom formed from hypomere mesoderm; dorsal and ventral mesentery formed. All vertebrates: coelom divided by transverse septum into pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavity. Mammals: coelomic fold further divides pleuroperitoneal cavity into pleural and peritoneal cavity. Interaction between the germ layers stimulates the formation of organs.

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Related Questions

  1. An organism with extensive yolk, such as the chick,

A) has incompletecleavage. D)forms a blastoderm but no blastocoel.

B) has yolk evenly distributed in the egg. E) has completecleavage.

C) fails to synthesize DNA duringcleavage.

  1. Invagination

A) occurs in sea urchins.

B) forms the archenteron in echinoderms.

C) creates unique positions for new cell interactions.

D) requires unique cell movement.

E) All of the above

  1. When the blastopore dorsal lip is grafted from one frog embryoonto a second embryo, the second dorsal lip will

A) change the developmental fate of the surrounding cells.

B) change the polarity of the adjacent segments.

C) cause rapid cell division.

D) block gastrulation.

E) change the prospective potency of the surrounding cells.

  1. Gastrulation in birds differs in many ways from gastrulation infrogs. The main feature that both have in common is that

A) the neural tube forms.

B) somites are created.

C) cells from the surface of the blastocyst migrate to form thegut.

D) three germ layers are established.

E) All of the above

  1. In humans, the secondary oocyte forms:
  1. at ovulation.
  2. during telophase I.
  3. after fertilization.
  4. at birth.
  5. all of the above.

  1. In Ascaris:
  1. The secondary oocyte is fertilized.
  2. Two polar bodies are visible when the secondary oocyte is inprophase II.
  3. Both a haploid and a diploid nucleus are present in a primaryoocyte during early prophase I.
  4. Cell plates are formed during both anaphase I and anaphaseII.
  5. No correct answer is given.
  1. A gastrula is:

a. an embryo that is younger than a blastula.

b. a stage in development that has three tissue layers.

c. a type of egg that has yolk concentrated at one end of thecell.

d. an opening in the center of an early embryo.

e. something else

  1. A human cell containing 22 autosomes and one Y chromosome isa

a. somatic cell of amale b. zygote

c. somatic cell of afemale d. a sperm e. an ovum

  1. The spermatogonium is ________ , and the primary spermatocyteis __________ .

a. diploid,haploid b. haploid, diploid

c. haploid,haploid d. diploid,diploid e. triploid, diploid

  1. The first cavity formed in the rapidly dividing starfish embryois the:

a. Blastoderm. b. Archenteron.

c. Neural groove. d. Blastocoel. e. Trophoblast.

pleas pleas do all parts

1-Are both the egg and zygote of a sea star the same size?

2-Do the cells of a two-cell sea star embryo differ in size?

3-Does the sea star embryo appear to be growing during cleavage?

4-What structures will the archenteron develop into?

5-What obvious visual change occurs in a frog egg upon fertilization?

6-How is the orientation of the blastocoel in an amphibian blastula different than that of a sea star?

7-What structures will form from the neural fold of the frog embryo?

8-In a chick embryo at gastrulation, what does the primitive streak indicate?

9-What are the segmented units that are visible along the dorsal axis of the 33 hour chick embryo?

10-The basic stages of development are quite similar for a wide range of organisms. How would you explain such consistency?

Describe the stages of cellular development prior to tissue stages. Your response should be approximately one paragraph in length and include the keywords: cleavage, morula, blastula, blastocoel.