CHMC47H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 26: Dimethylallyl Pyrophosphate, Egg Cell, Vitamin A

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25 Oct 2012

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Lipids: organic compounds that are soluble in nonpolar solvents, due to their significant hydrocarbon component. Waxes are high-molecular weight esters: waxes: esters formed from long-chain carboxylic acids and long-chain alcohols, waxes have a large even number of carbons on both sides of the ester. Triacylglycerols or triglycerides: compounds in which each of the three oh groups of glycerol has formed an ester with a fatty acid. Simple triacylglycerol: if the three fatty acid components of a triacylglycerol are the same: mixed triacylglycerol: contains two or more different fatty acid components and are more common than simple triacylglycerols. The fat content of the average man is about 21% whereas the fat content of the average woman is about 25%. Phosphoacylglycerols from membranes by arranging themselves in a lipid bilayer, where the polar heads are on both surfaces of the bilayer and the fatty acid chains form the interior of the bilayer.

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64. Which of these statements about fatty acids are false? A. The physical state of a triglyceride with three unsaturated fatty acid tails would be a clear liquid. B. Complex lipids that contain mainly unsaturated fatty acids are liquids (oils) at room temperature C. Its best to use fats with high melting points in our diet. D. A disadvantage of the ability of saturated fats to pack tightly is that tightly packed, saturated fats clog arteries as atherosclerosis 65. Trans fatty acids A. are formed when vegetable oil is hydrogenated (for solidification). B. are found in fried foods C. have an atypical shape that affects their chemical activity D. are not flexible and can adhere to surfaces E. should be avoided because they are composed of partially hydrogenated (partially hardened) oils F. are all of the above 66 Which of these statements about fatty acids are false? A. When plants and animals build fatty acids they make the trans forms. B. Food manufacturers found that foods like chips with the trans form have a longer "shelf life" C Natural cis fatty acids tend to turn rancid and spoil D Although natural cis fatty acids turn rancid and spoil, it is the cis form that is used by the body. E.The process of hydrogenation, in which hydrogens are added to unsaturated fats, produces a mixture of saturated fatty acids and standard and trans forms of unsaturated fatty acids 67. Good tips for reducing dietary fats are to A. use non-fat or low-fat dairy products and other products B use low-fat cooking methods C bake, roast, steam, broil, stir fry, microwave D. seldom have fried foods E choose lean cuts of meat, trim fat F. do all the above 68. Which of these statements about the properties of fatty acids are true? A. Melting point of all fatty acids increases with increasing hydrocarbon chain length (i.e increasing size) B cis double bonds prevent good alignment of molecules in unsaturated fatty acids leading to C Melting point of unsaturated fatty acid are lower than that of a saturated fatty acid with the D. The melting point of a saturated fatty acid is greater than that of an unsaturated fatty acid of poor packing same number of carbon atoms due to the presence of their double bonds the same chain length, because saturated fatty acid chains tend to be fully extended and to stack in a regular structure, thereby causing increased intermolecular attraction. E. all of the above 69. Freebie 70 Freebie

Test 1-Multiple Choice: Choose and underline the best answer in each of the following statement/question.

_____1. Which of the following best differentiates an aldehyde from a ketone?

a. In aldehydes, carbon is bonded to a hydroxyl group.

b. In aldehydes, hydrogen is bonded to an oxygen group.

c. In aldehydes, hydrogen is bonded to a carbonyl group.

d. In aldehydes, oxygen is bonded to an oxygen group.

_____2. Which of statement is not true about petroleum and its products?

a. Petroleum is fossil fuel.

b. Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons with sulfur as impurity.

c. There is no harm that comes from the use of petroleum products.

d. Petroleum comes from decomposition of materials of living origin.

_____3. Cooking gas or liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) is a mixture of C₃H₈ and C₄H₁₀. Which are these compounds?

a. pentane and butane b. methane and butane

c. propane and butane d. propane and methane

_____4. Which of the following compounds ionizes in water and, thus conducts electricity poorly?

a. acetic acid b. hydrochloric acid c. distilled water d. sodium hydroxide

_____5. A lead storage cell can function both as an electrolytic cell and as a voltaic cell. When a lead storage battery is being recharged, it converts ________ energy to_____--energy

a. chemical : electrical b. chemical to heat c. electrical to mechanical

_____6. The acid electrolyte in a lead storage battery is

a. HCl b. H₂SO₄ c. HNO₃ d. CH₃COOH

____7. The anode and cathode in a dry cell respectively are

a. Zn and C b. C and Zn c. Pb and PbO₂ d. PbO₂ and Pb

____8. What is the proper name for the compound CH₃CH₂CH₃?

a. ethane b. propane c.butane d. pentane

____9. Which of the following is the simplest hydrocarbon?

a. CH₂ b. C₂H₄ c. CH₃ d. CH₄

____10. Hydrocarbons such as CH₂ =CH₂ are said t be

a. ionic b. aromatic c. saturated d. unsaturated

_____11. Which of the following best describes hydrocarbons?

a. flammable ionic compounds that are insoluble in water and are denser than water

b. flammable ionic compounds that are insoluble in water and are denser than water

c. flammable covalent compound that are insoluble in water and are less dense than water

d. flammable covalent compounds that are soluble in water and less dense than water

_____12. Which of the following will result if hexane and water are mixed?

a. an explosion

b. clear solution of hexane dissolved in water

c. a layer of hexane on top of a layer of water

d. a layer of water on top of a layer of hexane

_____13.Which of the following is not a gas?

a. ethene b. octane c. methane d. acetylene

_____14. Which of the following is another name for wood alcohol?

a. methanol b. propanol c. grain alcohol d. rubbing alcohol

_____15. Which of the following alcohols groups are found in beverages?

a. ethyl b. methyl c. denatured d. wood

_____16. Which of the following is the only element present in organic compounds?

a. hydrogen b. oxygen c. carbon d. nitrogen

_____17. Which of the following is chlorofluorocarbon?

a. C₃F₈ b. CHF₃ c. CFCl₃ d. CHCl₃

_____18.What percent of alcohol is present in vodka which is 90 proof?

a. 9 b. 45 c. 90 d. 180

____20. Which of the following is formed when carbohydrates undergo fermentation process?

a. ethanol b. methanol c. glucose d. formaldehyde

_____21. In ethene, the two carbon atoms are joined by a

a.single bond b. double bond c. triple d. ionic

____22. The IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CHCH₂CH₃ is

CH₂CH₃

a. 3-methylpentane b. 3-ethylpentane c. 2-ehtylpentane d. 2-methylpentane

____23. The IUPAC name of CH₃-O-CH₃ is

a. methoxymethane b. ethylether c. dimethylether d. dimethyloxide

____24. Which is an alcohol?

a. C₆H₆

b. CH₃-C-CH₃

c. CH₃-O-CH₃

d. CH₃OH

____25. A group which both aldehydes and ketones have in common is

a.-C=O b. âOH c. âO- d. -COOH

___26. The aroma associated with this class of compounds is regarded as pleasant.

a. amides b. esters c. carboxylic acids d. ketones

____27. The IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CHO is

a. propanone b. propanol c. propanal d. propionic acid

____28.The âCOOH group is called

a. aldehyde group b. hydroxyl group c. carbonyl group d. carboxylic group

____29.The alkyl group of butane is

a. C₂H₃ b. C₃H₅ c.C₄H₇ d. C₄H₉

____30. The simplest alkene is

a. CH=CH b. CH₂=CH₃ c. CH₂=CH₂ d. CH₃CH=CH₂

Test 2. Answer the following questions completely.(3 points each)

1.Why are alcohols of lower molecular weight more soluble in water than those with higher molecular weights?

2. Which of the following pairs of compounds has

a. higher bolilng point:1-bromopentane or 1-chloropentane _____________________

b. the greater density: heptanes or octane ______________________
c. the higher boiling point :pentyl alcohol or pentylamine ______________________

d. the higher boiling point: hexylamine or dipropylamine ______________________

3. Explain why each of the following names are incorrect.Give the correct IUPAC name.

a. 3-Butanone

b. 1-Butanone

4. What is unique about carbon atom that makes it form numerous compounds?

5. Acetone or propanone is completely soluble in water,but 4-heptanone is completely insoluble.Explain.

Test 3.. Give the name and chemical formula of the functional group of each of the following organic groups. The first one has been done for you.

Organic Group	Functional chemicalfFormula	Functional group name
1.Alkanes	-C-C-	carbon carbon single bond
2.Alkenes
3.Alkynes
4.Alcohols
5. Aldehydes
6. Ketones
7. Thiols
8. Ethers
9.Carboxylic acids
10.Esters
11. Amines
12. Amides

CHMC47H3 Chapter Notes - Chapter 26: Dimethylallyl Pyrophosphate, Egg Cell, Vitamin A

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