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LIN100Y1 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Canadian Raising, Vowel Reduction, Complementary Distribution

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School
UTSG
Department
Linguistics
Course
LIN100Y1
Professor
Monica Boyd

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Document Summary

Linguistics: study of how language works how it"s used, how it"s acquired, how it changes over time, how it"s represented in the brain . Knowing a language = being able to speak and be understood by others who know that language. The capacity to produce some sounds (/signs for deaf & mute people) that have a certain meaning and to understand and interpret the signs produced by others. The capacity to understand what linguistic constructions (sounds or signs, words, sentences) are possible in a specific language and what constructions are not. The linguistic knowledge is unconscious knowledge: people speaking a specific language are able to explain what constructions are correct or incorrect in that language, but they are not able to explain why. Arbitrary: the relationship b/w sound/word (form) and its meaning. Creativity regulated by systematic constraints; innovation can occur within boundaries set by rules, which are integrant part of our knowledge of language.

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Related Questions

Section 3 - Programming Questions 7. Role playing video games (RPGs) form a loosely defined genre of video games in which the player controls a small number of game characters. These characters form a group of adventurers whose purpose is to fulfill one or many quests. A common feature of RPGs is that the group of adventurers can collect various items and keep them for future me, sach items are added to the player's inventory. In this question, you will write classes which could be used to manage a player's inventory in an RPG. Part 1 Write a class called Item. An Item object represents an entire category of items carried by a group of adventurers, and each Item object has the following attributes: • The description of the items in this category (a String) The quantity of tems in this category that the group of adventurers is currently carrying can int). For example, suppose the group of adventurers is carrying 50 Heal Potions and 10 Life Potions. The SO Heal Pations would he represented by a single Item object, the value of the description attribute of this item object would be the string "Heal Potion, and the value of the quantity attribute of this Item object woukl be 50. The 10 Life Potions would also be represented by a single Item object, which is different from the Ttem object representing the Heal Potions. The value of the description attribute of this second Ttem object would he Life Potion", and the value of the quantity attribute of this second liem object would be 10. The Item class MUST provide the following INSTANCE methods, note that in the method descrip tions below, the phrase "this Item" means the item on which the method in question is called • A constructor, which takes as its only parameter a string representing the description attribute of the newly created Item. This constructor sets the quantity attribute of the newly created Item to 1. • A method called get Description(), which takes no parameters and returns a string representing the value of the description attribute of this Item • A method called getQuantity O. which takes no parameters and returns an int represent ing the value of the quantity attribute of this Item • A method called set Quantity), which takes a value of type int as its only parameter and returns nothing. This method changes the value of the quantity attribute of this Item so that its new value is equal to the int value this method accepts as parameter, this happens regardless of what the value of the int parameter is, even if it represents a sensical value Note that you MUST respect proper encapsulation practices that is, the attributes and methods of your class MUST he declared using the proper visibility modifiers. Part 2 Write a class called Inventory, which represents the inventory of a group of adventures. An Inventory object has only one attributes a collection of items, which specifies all the types of items that a group of adventurers is currently carrying along with the mumber of items of each type that the group is carrying Inventory objects MUST keep track of the items being carried by adventurers using a PLAIN ARRAY of Items, you MUST NOT se ArrayLists (or any other class which is part of the the Java Collection Framework such as Linkedin.ist) within the Inventory class under ANY circumstances. Each position in the array contains cither • The address of an Item object in memory, an Item is considered to be in the Inventory if and only if its address in memory is stored in the array . null Fach Item object in the inventory MUST appear exactly once in this array, in other words, there MUST NOT be any duplicate elements in the array under ANY circumstances, whether these dupli cates are deep copies or aliases The Inventory class MUST provide the following INSTANCE methods, note that an actual im plementation used in an RPG would provide additional methods, in particular methods to add an item to the Inventory. Also note that in the method descriptions below, the phrase "this inventory" means "the Inventory on which the method in question is called • A constructor, which takes a value of type int as its only parameter, and initializes the newly created Inventory so that the number of item types it can store is equal to the value of the parameter. The number of item types which can be stored in the Inventory is fixed during instantiation, and can never change during the lifetime of the Inventory object • A method called get.Capacity (), which takes no parameters and returns a value of type int representing the capacity of this Inventory (that is, the number of different item types which can be stored in this Inventory). • A method called getItem(), which takes a value of type int as its only parameter, and returns the Item Nered at the commenpanding position in the array holding the Items stond in this Inventory, this method returns null if the element at the position specified by the parameter value is null or if the parameter represents an invalid index in this array. • A method called consumeOne(), which takes as its only parameter a string represent ing the description of an item, and returns a value of type boolean. The method searches the inventory for an item whose description is equal to the parameter String, with the comparison being performed in a case-INSENSITIVE manner. If no such Ttem exists in the inventory, the method returns false, and the state of the Inventory does not change. On the other hand, if such an Item exist in the inventory, the method returns true and modifies the state of the Inventory as follows: -If the quantity attribute of the item is greater than or equal to 2, then its value is reduced by 1. -If the quantity attribute of the Item is equal to 1, then the item is removed from the Inventory. Note that removing an Item can be done by simply assigning null to the amay position that contains it. The state of the array before and after calling this method can consist of addresses of Item objects interspersed with null elements. For example, in an Inventory whose capacity is 20, it is possible that the array contains the addresses of Item objects al positions 3 and 17. while the other amay position contains null. This implies that the method does NOT have to "compact the array so that the addresses of all the actual tem objects appear at the beginning of the array while all the null elements appear at the end. You MAY assume that the string parameter is not null; in other words, your method does not have to handle cases in which the string parameter is indeed null Akmal notes • You MUST respect proper encapulation practices, that is the attributes and methods of your class MUST be declared using the proper visibility modifiers. • Y MUNT call the methods you were asked to write in the previous part to retrieve the descrip tion and quantity attributes of an Item object, or to change the quantity attribute of an Item object. You MAY me that the item class has been implemented correctly, even if you did not successfully complete the previous part WRITE YOUR Inventory CLASS IN THE SPACE BELOW:

You have been contracted by a popular fitness club to create a Java Program that
will help in the input, calculation, display of calories burnt and pounds lost during a week of
workout for members of the club.
The program will also base on the amount of weight lost update the weight of the user and
calculate and display the users BMI – body mass index using any researched method. See an
example here- http://www.whathealth.com/bmi/formula.html
The club takes part in 5 major types of activities, namely walking, running, swimming, hiking,
and bicycling.
The program is to prompt for the Name of the member, gender, weight in pounds, height and
the time spend on each activity during the week in minutes.
The program will then calculate the calories burnt per activity, the total calorie burnt for the
week and the amount of weight lost during the week.
The amount of weight loss will be used to update the weight that was stored in the array and
calculate the person BMI . http://www.whathealth.com/bmi/formula.html
Activity Calorie Burnt Per pound per minute for
men (women are 1/6 less)
Walking .036
Running .095
Swimming .058
Hiking .058
Bicycling .044
 Calories burned per pound per minute (Bicycling – .044) x (times) your exact weight
(140 pounds) = (equals) total calories burned per minute (6.16 calories burned per
minute) x(times)minutes of activity (30 minutes) = (equals) 184.80 total calories
burned per activity.
 Women burn 1/6 less calories than Men.
 3500 calories = 1 pound of weight loss. 
Author: Dexter Chin-Yan
Write a program that would do the following:
 Print a suitable heading and prompt for the required information
 Calculate the necessary required information and store in an Array(s)
o After members names, gender, weight in pounds and time spent in each
activity has been entered (10 Members) The program should calculate the
total calories burnt Total Calorie Burnt for the week and the amount of
weight loss (depending on whether it is a man or a woman.
o Calculate and display BMI and weight status based on the table above.
General Guidelines:
 Make use of appropriate messages to make you program as informative and user
friendly as possible, without being unnecessarily complex.
 Keep user interactions simple and instructions clear
 Use adequate documentation and proper indentation to clarify your program code
where necessary and improve layout
 Pay attention to good structure and use of programming constructs.
Evaluation
 Documentation and layout (spacing, indentation and commenting) 10 marks
 Proper layout of interface for input, output of information 10 marks
 Use of method to calculate, BMI, calories burnt per activity, and weight loss.
 20 marks
 Creation and use of arrays to hold and processed information 20 marks
 Working program (Correctness, efficiency, user interaction) 

Hi. You should write a Java program to meet the specification shown below. 

In this game(dice poker), the computer rolls two standard six-sided dice and you bet on the outcome. The outcome is the configuration of the numbers rolled (explanation below). The input/output should utilise a graphical user interface (input and message boxes).

 

1.1 Game flow

You start with some money in your bank. You play a number of rounds, where for each round you place a bet and the computer rolls the dice, checks results and modifies your bank balance. After certain conditions, the game ends and you're presented with some final information shown as a message box.

 

1.2 Placing bets

Before the computer rolls the dice, you can bet some money from your bank.

ˆ If the numbers are sequential (e.g. 1 and 2, 5 and 4, etc. Not 6 and 1), you earn double your bet.

ˆ If the numbers are identical (rolling doubles), you earn triple your bet.

ˆ Otherwise, you win nothing therefore you lose the amount of money you bet.

Before placing a bet, the computer should inform you of your current bank balance.

 

1.3 Starting Game- Game rules

When the game starts you are given £6 in your bank. Each bet costs £1 and you are allowed to make up to five bets before the game ends. The game will end if you run out of money, or you have no more attempts left (you made all five bets). At the end of the game, you will be told which of these conditions has ended the game.

 

1.4 Results display

Once the game has finished (all bets have been placed or you ran out of money) the computer will collate and display the results in a single message box, comprised by:

ˆ On row per bet, displaying your bet, the numbers rolled, the amount of money earned or lost for that bet.

ˆ One row at the end, displaying the amount of money that you have remaining in your bank at the end of the game.

 

1.5..Variable bet amount

Allow the user to change how much they would like to bet and change the amount you win accordingly. Allow bets between £1 and 4£ (integers only)

 

1.6.High score table

Create a high score table. The more money you have remaining in your bank at the end of the game the higher up the table you will be. In order to implement this, players will have to enter their name before they play. The high score table should be displayed as a separate message box after the results have been displayed at the end of the game(1.4)

Not1: Please use JoptionPane class instead of scanner class. 

Not2: Also If possible explain the description of your classes: what each does and how they relate to each other. And if possible, program should be extensible. E.g. Is it easy to change the number of dice? The number of rounds to play? The sides of the dice?Etc.