PSYC 2450 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mental Rotation, Spatial Memory

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Beliefs about males and females differ in personality traits, interests, and behaviours. Men are said to be independent, competitive, aggressive, outgoing, ambiguous, self-confident and dominant: these traits are called instrumental because they describe individuals who act on the world and influence it. Women are emotional, kind, creative, considerate, gentle, excitable, and aware of others" feelings: these traits are called expressive because they describe emotional functioning and individuals who value interpersonal relationships. Views of roles of women and men change between cultures. At 18 months girls look at dolls more and boys look at trucks. At 2 years of age infants stare longer at men completing woman-stereotyped acts. By 11 children have the same knowledge of gender stereotypes as adults: they understand that male occupations have higher social status. In elementary school children include personality traits into stereotyped traits. Older children are more willing to ignore stereotypes when judging other children. Girls tend to be more flexible about stereotypes.

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