OC1156507

Essay 2: article in the new yorker, mountain lions from los angeles. Virunga: a lot of rangers have died protecting mountain gorillas in the park. Spec

Climate change: collective action problem, tragedy of the commons situation, today, global human population, someday there will be too many humans on e

Next going to look at what might happen because of climatic changes. Human role in current climatic change we are observing. Keeling curve: based on ma

Outdoor air pollution affects climate and harms people and ecosystmes. Air pollutants = gases and particulate matter that are added to the atmosphere b

44 air pollution and stratospheric ozone depletion (iii) Several ways to measure o3: ground based = absorption spectroscopy, satellite based average oz

Fossil fuels and the future of oil (ii) Secondary extraction: not gushing out under own power for some reason, need to inject something into it, sea wa

In a broad sense they are renewable, but not on a humanly-accessible timescale. Nuclear is the only truly non-renewable energy: once you split an atom

Have to mine for the components of cell phones. Material called coltan: columbite and tantalite. Unstable area in democratic republic of congo. Artisan

Many towns exist mainly because of their mining history. Different types of mines that depend on what you are mining and what type of deposit. Surface:

Exploration: when we look for new ore deposit. Milling crushing up the waste rock: preliminary form of processing at the site, sometimes chemicals used

Tools for studying climatic change: direct observational method, geoligcal record, proxies. Want to get ice cores from high altitude glaciers in tropic

Largest tidal range in the world 16m. One of 3 tidal energy plants in world. Thinking about new tech in a new way. Still only supply little of our powe

Emerging alternatives: new because do not make up sign portion of world energy use. Today we look at: nuclear (non-renewable, biomass energy, hydropowe

Primary pollutants come mainly from burning fossil fuels. Natural, unpolluted rain is a little acidic. Human activity has changed the balance though. D

External forcing: orbital stuff, and stuff that comes from outside of earth system that we have no control over, sun spot cycles, luminosity of the sun

Winds circulate around low pressure systems in the opposite sense in the two hemispheres two cyclones going on at the same time sep 27 1998 line of clo

Traditional geothermal near plate boundaries or active volcanoes. Heated water or steam to generate electricity. Patterns of geothermal activity shift

Utilitarianism and the moral status of animals #2. Equal consideration of interests: ethical mode of thinking, my interests cannot weigh more just beca

It has interests (a good of its own: easy to secure, a rock does not have interests for example. It would be prima facie wrong to frustrate its interes

Hand pollination preserves genetic diversity: laborious process, controlling how much diversity there is. Svalbard global seed vault: doomsday vault, n

More different types of organisms involved than farming on land. Where we are raising these organisms is in natural ecosystems: embedded. Raising tilap

Increased meat consumption has led to feedlot agriculture. Feedlots huge warehouses deliver energy-rich food to animals living at extremely high popula

70% of earth"s surface covered in water. Only planet that has substantial amounts of water and liquid water shapes surface of the earth exists in all 3

Systems that combine elements of land and water. Areas of land whose soil is saturated (inundated) permanently, seasonally or tidally: pore spaces full

Significant shifts in next couple of centuries. No upwelling off the coast of south america. Coral reefs: great barrier reef big losses. 25% of all mar

If we destroy nature"s pharmacy, it will hurt us. Tourism directed toward exotic, often threatened, natural environmnets, especially to support conserv

Human use of surface water has environmental impacts. Downstream and transboundary impacts: flows over borders, affects the us and viceversa. Dam obstr

Atmosphere thin layer of gases that surrounds a planet or moon: earth"s. Transports and recycles water, heat, pollutants, nutrients. Human activity is

This is our major challenge, we have a growing population. How will we feed all of these people. Almost 1 billion people do(cid:374)"t get e(cid:374)ou

30 conservation of species and habitats (ii) islands don"t have to be in the ocean. Wherever you have spatial area where there is a particular type of

Mean depth 3. 8 km (absolute darkness) More people know about the surface of the moon rather than the ocean floor. Interaction between ocean and atmosp

Mechanization of farms around the world large-scale irrigation inorganic fertilizers: ability to industrially produce nitrogen in a biologically useabl

31 conservation of species and habitats (iii) Not just absolute loss, but how habitat gets broken up. Forests are home to 90% of terrestrial species. 8

Judas wolves: put trackers on wolves and bring them to the populations and able to kill more wolves that way. Environmental concern: wolf prey might in