OC26349

There is a type of lizard that only has a female sex. The fish with black spots are parasitized and had asexual reproduction, and another type of fish

Central tolerance (occurs in the bone marrow and thymus); deletion and editing. Antigen segregation (peripheral organs); physical barrier to self antig

Wound healing induced, complement destruction (picked up by macrophages/dc in the tissue) Dc migrate to lymphnodes, phagocytosis, nk cells activated, c

Autograft: self grafting (taking out bm and putting it back in) Antibody mediated (c" and fcrs/nk cells) going to bind the vascular endothelium of the

Possible to have more than one disease: depends on the immune mechanism responsible. Arthritis, scleroderma and lupus are systemic autoimmune diseases.

An immune response to something foreign that is not associated with a pathogen. Had to have developed an immune response to it already, so an allergic

Ibd = chronic inflammation of the gi tract can cause colon/rectal cancer (10% get it) Within the general population, 0. 05% develop colon or rectal can

Adaptive immune system have a conserved region and a variable region. Variable region can adapt we have bcr and tcr: explain tcrs. T cell receptors wil

First the j-d regions recombine, then the v with the dj segments, then the light chains can recombine. We have many different forms of ig that serve di

Lecture 10 study notes: discuss organ transplantation. Before, assumed that organs could not be transplanted because individuals were too different sug

Post-capillary venules that come after capillaries; slow movement of rbc. Detection: there are two ways to detect damage; the first is through differen

Gram (+) peptidoglycan, strong wall consisting of lipids/proteins/sugars ex/ lipoteichoic acid. Gram (-) lipopollysacharide; 2 outter membranes; very n

Hematopoesis, antibody rearrangement, central tolerence (rendered self reactive or not) Bony trabeculae where immune cells develop, spaces between is w

In the bone marrow; but in children in the yolk sac then liver then bone marrow. Tissue, blood, lymph, peripheral organs (lymphnodes/tonsils/adrenoid/s

Epithelial has tight junctions that don"t allow anything through. Within the epithelium in the lungs, goblet cells secrete secretory vesicles that secr

Adaptations are traits that have evolved due to persistent natural or sexual selection (over many generations) in response to an agent of selection. If

Key aspect of letting molecular bio start
without it, we wouldn
t have recombinant techniques. Restriction enzymes can be thought of as site specific d

Benign tumor (left): it s encapsulate and can be surgically removed (easily) Malignant tumor (right): these tumors are not contained (not encapsulated)

Cell treats all dna changes as bad
cell inherited dna from another cell so it should be the same
try to preserve it. Missed the wrong base pair (di

Two types of cancer causing genes; oncogenes (dominant) and tumor suppressors (recessive). These oncogenes are present in an aberrant form so. Their le

Number of human diseases related to defects in translation process. The genetic code spells out the amino acid sequence in 3
letter

words
called co

There are sequences in genome called vntr which are repeat sequences i. e. cacaca where that repeat varies form 4-40 times depending on alleles. We hav

You want to produce drugs using recombinant approach i. e. insulin. Many proteins are hard to purify from native source. Often b/c their level of expre

Sometimes we want to slightly alter gene cause we re not happy with wild type we want to make direct changes. Alter wild type to diff gene. hopefully t

It brings the amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain. The guy that moves the amino acids around. 2d cloverleaf structure due to internal base pair

Figure 7-33 assumes that translation has already started. A peptidyl-trna is in the p site of the ribosome. Aaminoacyl-trna binds to the a site of the

We got primary transcript made, before that can be translated, that primary transcript must be porcessed. You don t make pirmary transcript having sitt