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Independent foreign policy: challenging us policies, imposed restrictions on us investment, students intensified their opposition to the government (un

American and latin american tensions: us government and business leaders want to promote free trade, so capital/services can move back and forth, resis

Introduced a more extensive control of colonies: creoles resented intrusion from the crown. Enlightenment ideals and practices: liberal ideas from engl

The ultimate act of deviance: the cuban revolution: A kind of moderate reform group ran cuba. Fulgencio batista established a system of one-man rule: e

Cold war: repression and revolution in the americas. Long means there"s a longer period associated with it (late 40s to mid-60s) Era we think of as eco

Also helped the new immigration because it required a mast labour force (factories, mines, etc. ) Industrialization had a major impact on the way peopl

The making of the north american working class. Expansion of labour force: work in mines, on railroads, on steel mills, work became available in new (o

Mexico still isn"t a society we"d consider revolutionary. Monoculture: culture based on exportation of one or two crops (eg. sugar, tin, beef, coffee)

Most colonists hoped that the acts of resistance would lead british to renounce. Intolerable acts as they had grown accustomed to. Patriots began to or

Same process as primary document, but with one secondary source. Look for strengths and weaknesses of the argument. **in brazil and the caribbean (very

Terms: john cabot, humphrey gilbert, walter raleigh, john rolfe, protestant. **two british colonies emerge, but they are very different: virginia tied

*first contact happens over and over again at different times and different places: the vikings: 982 ad, erik the read inhabits greenland expand trade

Terms: giovanni da verrazano, stadacona, hochelaga, pierre du guer de monts. **no one finds an instance reward, like the spanish did. **british colonie

Tribute and labour in new spain and peru. Terms: dominican friars, bartolome de la casas, requirimiento, potosi, casa de. **there is not a large spanis

**spanish and french politics barely have a sense of democracy (no elections, most people were appointed and sent from europe); british political polic

Terms: censitaires, cens et rentes, corvee: rise of the fur trade: Since 1608, the first permanent settlement, basis of new france"s economy is the fur

After 1450 ad, europe enters the age of the renaissance with growth in science and arts. End of the plague means huge population growth and competition

Latin americans couldn"t sell their goods to industrialized countries. Latin american countries owned loan payments to industrial countries. Crisis in

American revolution: british lost and ceded land. War of 1812: helped push westward expansion; wanted to take over part of canada; british promised to

Not the first time us leaders are interested in latin america (lots of interest in. Late 19th century, us becomes an imperial power (country that exten

Persistence of slavery defines the limits for national independence (except: haiti) Slavery was an economic system (slaves represented wealth) Slavery

Groups of people (immigrants) residing within one nation. Name (nation of immigrants) excludes the caribbeans and africans. Immigration policy was clos

Today"s ice sheets are restricted to greenland and antarctica, but still cover 10% of earth"s land area. Most of the modern ice volume is in east atlan

Volcano: a mound of igneous material that is extruded to the earth"s surface from a vent that"s connected to a magma chamber via a feeder conduit. They

Groundwater represents the largest reservoir of fresh (potable) water that"s readily available. Groundwater: water that completely fills void spaces in

Today"s ice sheets are restricted to greenland and antarctica, but still cover 10% of earth"s land area. Most of the modern ice volume is in east atlan

The bourbon reforms and the rise of creole nationalism. Terms: cadiz & seville, debt peonage, rio de la plata, consolidacion de vales reales, **spain t

**catholic colonies (spanish and french) put a great emphasis on conversion and protestant colonies (british) rarely do: the spanish mission system: Si

Great ice age (30 000 12 000 bc) drops ocean levels between asia and north. Hunting and gathering tribes follow game down ice-free corridor (exposed la

Natives captives are primary focus in engaging wars. Native slavery isn"t successful (natives can escape because they know the land, hostility, reverse

Sophisticated highly stratified society existed from 200 ad to 800 ad in the central valley in mexico. Tribute system of agricultural production (farme

Occurs when all members of a species have died. It is a scientific certainty when there aren"t enough surviving for reproduction. A species is function

Water is a covalently bonded (when electrons are shared) polar molecule and hydrogen bonds between water molecules result in strong cohesion, adhesion,

Greenhouse gases: absorb longwave radiation and emit some of it back to the. Greenhouse gases: water vapor, co2, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluoroca

Absolute time: time in specific units: ex. If you know my birth day, you will know exactly how old i am based on how much time has passed: you can esti

The origin of the solar system; the early earth; Nebular hypothesis: the sun and the planets that orbit around it began as a nebula (large cloud of gas

Interdisciplinary science dealing with the relationship between geological factors and health problems in humans, animals and plants. Looks at health p