OC4008

When a molecule of an odorous substance fits a receptor molecule located on the cilia of a receptor cell, the cell becomes excited. This excitation is

Large, solid objects cast a sound shadow; just as opaque objects cast a shadow in the sunlight. If a source on your right produces a high-frequency sou

These bones act together, in lever fashion, to transmit the vibrations of the eardrum to the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear that contains the

A reddish green would have to be signalled by a ganglion cell firing slowly and rapidly at the same time (impossible) Negative afterimage: the image se

1 vergence movements: co-operative movements that keep both eyes fixed on the same target. 2 saccadic movements: rapid movement of the eyes make to mai

Accommodation: changes in the thickness of the lens of the eye that focus images of near or distant objects on the retina. Normally, the length of the

380nm light = violet: 760 nm = red. All other radiant energy is invisible to our eyes. Ultraviolet radiation, x-rays, and gamma rays have shorter wavel

Smallest difference between two similar stimuli that can be distinguished; aka difference threshold. Weber fraction: the ratio between a just-noticeabl

Sensation: detection of simple properties of stimuli (brightness, colour, warmth, and sweetness) Perception: detection of objects (both animate and ina

Derivation is a morphological process by which a new and different word is created from an existing base by the addition of an affix. Inflection is a m

Morpheme: the smallest unit in a language that carries a meaning or grammatical function. A free morpheme is one which cans stand by itself as an indep

Phonemes can be discovered through a minimal pair test. Mad vs. man are near minimal pairs. The distribution of allophones is rule-governed" (changes i

The vowels in words like boat and bait are dipthongs and are realized as [ow] and. The rationale behind [o] and [e] transcription for boat and bait is

The only things that can be nasal or oral are stops. Produced with no major obstruction in the vocal tract so that air can flow relatively freely throu

Phonetics- (phone +etic: having the property of sound ) The scientific study of speech sounds: articulatory phonetics- production of speech sounds, aco

Nerve cells of brain are organized in modules. Modules: clusters of nerve cells that communicate with each other. Nerves are attached to the spinal cor

Darwin came up with concept of biological evolution. Biological evolution: changes that take place in the genetic and physical characteristics of a pop

Asks what is the total area of difference ecosystem types to produce the input and dispose of all wastes of a given city. Wackernagel and rees measured

Unsustainability, u see higher risks of healthy decline, and other declines. Giant cities are not a problem (theory), new york city most efficient in n

Designated areas where elites, rulers, etc lived. Differentiated by geography, topography (views, waters, fresh breeze, etc. A big thing that happens i

Reveals fundamental issues of our cities, how we deal with problems. Invisible , you toss it out and forget about it, but its something that doesn"t di

During the last 15 years new understandings of cities as complex ecosystems. Cities are now seen as complex organisms with their own metabolic processe