moberle1

If your hypothesis is not supported by the results of theexperiment, you should _______ .

In this assignment, we build a simple ANN model for a dataset and we explore some methods to optimize model parameters.

Dependencies

Python > 2.7
Scikit Learn package
Pandas toolkit (If it is needed) Numpy toolkit (If it is needed)

Dataset

This dataset is originally from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The objective of the dataset is to diagnostically predict whether a patient has diabetes, based on certain diagnostic measurements included in the dataset. Several constraints were placed on the selection of these instances from a larger database. In particular, all patients here are females at least 21 years old of Pima Indian heritage.

Note: You do not need to download the data. Two subsets of data for training and test is created and posted for downloading. The original data set also is included for your further testing and experimenting.

The list of the fields in order of columns in the data file is:
PregnanciesNumber of times pregnant
GlucosePlasma glucose concentration 2 hours in an oral glucose tolerance test BloodPressureDiastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
SkinThicknessTriceps skin fold thickness (mm)
Insulin2-Hour serum insulin (mu U/ml)
BMIBody mass index (weight in kg/(height in m)^2)
DiabetesPedigreeFunctionDiabetes pedigree function
Age (years)
OutcomeClass variable (0 No Diabetes or 1 Diabetes) 268 of 768 are 1, the others are 0.

ANNprojectdescription
– Loading the required libraries and modules
To finish this assignment, you may use any module that you think is necessary. These modules includes:
1- Pandas
2- Numpy
3- Matplotlib
4- Sklearn

– Reading the data and performing basic data checks

1- Use describe() method of the dataframe (e.g df.describe()) to output the data dimensions and fields basic stats.

– Creating the train and test datasets

1. 1- Splityourdataintotrain,testand,validation.

2. 2- Splityourdatabasedontheratiooftrain=0.75,validation=0.15and,test=0.10

3. 3- Printoutthetotalnumberofrowsandthenumberofrowsallocatedforeach

   category above.
   Note1: There are many ways you can achieve splitting dataset.
   You can use any method as long as you have a balanced ratio of classes in each category.

4. 4- Useyourtestdatasetonlyforfinaltesting.Youshouldnotusetestdatasetfor adjusting parameters.

– Building your model

1. 1- Useneural_networkclassifiertobuildyournetwork.

2. 2- Thereareafewparametersneedstobeadjustedinthismodel:

   a. Hidden_layer_sizes b. Activation
   c. Solver
   d. Batch_size

   e. Learning_rate
   f. Learning_rate_init

3. 3- Mostofparametersabovehavedefaultvalues.Youmayrunyournetworkon default values to get an idea about your network

4. 4- Youmayadjustparametersbasedwhatwetalkedintheclassetc

– Network metric and plots

1. 1- To evaluate your network, calculate confusion matrix. For that you may use confusion_matrix function from sklearn.metrics library.
   How do you interpret precision and recall?

2. 2- Plot error plot for each iteration (epoch) for both validate and train.
   Based on your parameter setting you may see an overfitting problem. Try to spot it if that’s happened.

3. 3- Once you finish your parameter tunning, run your model on your test data set and create a plot for your test the same as previous step

Whatareyourdeliverables?

a. A Jupyter document containing your model and experiment results.

Make a scientific observation about the world around you and construct a question to address the observation. State a testable hypothesis that focuses your question. And fill the date table.

Data Table 1: Scientific Method Data

I JUST NEED SIMPLE/BASIC ANSWERS NOT LONG ANSWERS

1. Explain how life can be viewed at different levels of biological complexity.

2. Explain how researchers study biology at different levels, ranging from molecules to ecosystems.

3. Distinguish between discovery-based science and hypothesis testing, and describe the steps of the scientific method.

4. Tell whether a given topic or research study is about biology. Tell whether that study is discovery-based or hypothesis testing, or both.

5. If presented with a research study, propose what the Research Question was.

6. If presented with an example, tell whether a statement is a hypothesis, theory or law and why you think so.

Describe the general structure of atoms and their constituent particles.

Relate atomic structure to the periodic table of the elements. List the elements that make up most of the mass of all living organisms.

Explain how a single element may exist in more than one form, called isotopes, and how certain isotopes have importance in human medicine.

Compare and contrast the types of atomic interactions (bonds) that lead to the formation of molecules.

Tell which atoms and how many of each make up a given molecule (formula or diagram).

For a bond in a given molecule, tell whether the bond is covalent, and if it is, tell whether it is polar or nonpolar and why you think so.

Explain the concept of electronegativity and how it contributes to the formation of polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. Tell whether a given atom is electronegative or not, and why you think so. Label partial charges in a polar bond.

Draw five water molecules and label the atoms and bonds within and between the 5 molecules.

Describe how hydrogen bonding determines many properties of water.

List the properties of water that make it a valuable solvent, and distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.

Explain how water has the ability to ionize into hydroxide ions (OH^–) and into hydrogen ions (H⁺), and how the H⁺ concentration is expressed as a solution's pH.

Explain the properties of carbon that make it the chemical basis of all life.

Describe the variety and chemical characteristics of common functional groups of organic compounds.

Diagram how small molecules may be assembled into larger ones by dehydration reactions and how hydrolysis reactions can reverse this process.

List the four major classes of organic molecules and macromolecules found in living organisms

If shown a molecule, tell whether it is organic or not and how you know.

If shown an organic molecule, tell whether it is an amino acid, nucleotide, fatty acid, steroid, monosaccharide or disaccharide and how you know.

Distinguish among different forms of carbohydrate molecules, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Relate the functions of plant and animal polysaccharides to their structure.

List the several different classes of lipid molecules important in living organisms.

Diagram the structure of a triglyceride and explain how it is affected by the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Explain why some fats are solid at room temperature, and others are liquid.

Discuss how fats function as energy-storage molecules.

Apply knowledge of the structure of phospholipids to the formation of cellular membranes.

Describe the chemical nature of steroids and give an example of their biological importance.

Give examples of the general types of functions that are carried out in cells by different types of proteins.

Explain how amino acids are joined to form a polypeptide, and distinguish between a polypeptide and protein.

Describe the levels of protein structure and the factors that determine them. If shown a protein diagram, label parts that represent its levels of structure. Tell what kind of research techniques are used to determine protein structure.

Outline the bonding forces important in determining protein shape and function.

Explain what domains are and their importance in proteins.

Describe the three components of nucleotides.

Distinguish between the structures of DNA and RNA.

Tell how certain bases pair with others in DNA and RNA.

Discuss the 4 major categories of organic macromolecules found in living things, including structure, function and location of each.

Compare and contrast the general structural features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Outline the differences in complexity among bacteria, animal, and plant cells.

Describe how a eukaryotic cell can be viewed as four interacting systems: the nucleus, cytosol, endomembrane system, and semiautonomous organelles.

Explain how the proteome underlies the structure and function of cells.

Analyze how cell size and shape affect the surface area/volume ratio.

Identify the location of the cytosol in a eukaryotic cell and list its general functions.

Describe the three types of protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton. Identify which underlie cilia, flagella, centrioles, the nuclear lamina, and the brush border. Tell which are readily assembled and disassembled. Tell which are involved in various cell shape changes or movements.

Explain how motor proteins interact with microtubules or actin filaments to promote cellular movement.

Describe the structure and organization of the cell nucleus. Describe the structure and function of nuclear pores.

Outline the structures and general functions of the components of the endomembrane system.

Distinguish between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Identify three important functions of the plasma membrane.

Tell why mitochondria and chloroplasts are called semi-autonomous organelles.

Discuss the evidence for the endosymbiosis theory.

Outline the structures and general functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Explain how proteins are moved via vesicles through the endomembrane system.

If you are told about the function of a specific protein, tell where and in what type of cell that protein might be found.

Sketch and label a “typical” animal cell and a real animal cell such as a red blood cell or a muscle cell. Tell how it might be different than the “typical” cell in terms of its organelles and shape.

Sketch and label a “typical” plant cell and a real plant cell such as a root or leaf cell. Tell how it might be different than the “typical” cell in terms of its organelles and shape.

Describe the fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure. Tell why membranes are described as “fluid mosaics”.

Draw 10 phospholipid molecules as they would be arranged in a bilayer. Label the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.

61. Name all the places in a cell where membranes are found.

62. Describe at least three different categories of membrane proteins and tell what they do.

63. Describe what determines how fluid membranes are.

64. Explain how lipids are synthesized at the ER membrane.

65. Explain how transmembrane proteins are inserted into the ER membrane.

66. Compare and contrast diffusion, facilitated diffusion, passive transport, and active transport.

67. Explain the process of osmosis and how it affects cell structure.

68. Outline the functional differences between channels and transporters. Compare and contrast uniporters, symporters, and antiporters.

69. Explain the difference between primary active transport and secondary active transport.

70. Describe the structure and function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells and a similar pump in plants and prokaryotes.

71. Describe exocytosis and endocytosis and tell what molecules are moved across the membrane by these.

Discuss membrane transport, including its function and various forms and why all membranes have each form.

73. If a given cellular process is described, tell which form of transport might be involved.

List the different categories of animal tissue, providing general functions and specific examples of each.

Name the various organ systems found in many animals, list the components of each, and describe their general functions.

Examine the following series circuit. Find RT, I3, R1, R2, R3, V1, V2 and V3.  Show all of your work clearly below.

Information we have from the series circuit:

R1= 20 Ω

Vsource = 8V

R2 = 5 Ω

 I3 = 1.1 amps

Briefly answer the following questions about the major types of atoms found in biological molecules: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen,phosphorus and sulfur. Of the answer applies to more than one indicate which one. If the question ask for specific number of Aton name the number!. Which three types of atoms (elements) are found in all carbohydrates? Even though it contains carbon, CO2 ( carbon dioxide) is considered inorganic because it doesn’t not contain hitch from? Which of the above is/are found only in protein? Which of the atoms is/are found in DNA? Which two of these besides (hydrogen) forms hydrogen bonds? Dehydration synthesis will involve the formation of a molecule contain tin which atom?

Question 1) Which of these types of atoms is only found in proteins?

a) Carbon

b) Nitrogen

C) Sulphur

d) Phosphorus

Answer:

Questions 2) Which of the following types of atoms are always found in nucleic acids? Mark all that apply.

a.) Oxygen

b.) Carbon

c.) Potassium

d.) Nitrogen

e.) Hydrogen

f.) Phosphorus

g.) Sulphur

List All Answer:

Question 3) Mark any of the following that are functions of fats.

a.) As chemical messengers.

b.) To give plants rigidity.

c.) To store energy.

d.) As part of the plasma membrane.

List All Answer:

Question 4) Which of the following is true about carbohydrates? Mark all that apply.

Answer:

Question 6) Choose the best description of the cell cytoskeleton.

a.) The cell cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of fibers that can be quickly dismantled and reassembled to change cell shape and the position of cell components.

Answer TRUE or FALSE to the following questions about biomolecules.

Biomolecules include carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. ____________

Water is one of the types of biomolecules. ____________

Biomolecules are living things. ____________

Life would be impossible without biomolecules. ____________

Biomolecules are too large to fit inside cells. ____________

Substances Found in Living Things:

The majority of ALL living things is made of _______________________________. This accounts for 70% of your body. A small percentage of ions and small molecules are found in all living things. An example of this would be ________________. About 25% of ALL living things are composed of large molecules called __________________________. They come in four types: proteins, carbohydrates, ___________________, and nucleic acids. The majority of these large molecules (more than half) are ____________________________.

What are biomolecules such as the carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and examples

What are the example of lipids, protein, carbohydrates, nucleic acid biomolecules?

If cell A10 contains the formula =$B$5*C$10, what type of reference is denoted by C$10?

What happens when the formula =G20 is entered into a cell?

What is the quotient and remainder when -111 is divided by 11?