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25 Oct 2021

Background and context

The soil is the upper part of the Earth’s surface that contains weathered humus and sustains terrestrial plant life. The components of the soil are inorganic mineral matter, organic matter (microorganisms and macroorganisms), water, and air.

Inorganic mineral matter consists of small irregular particles formed due to weathering of parent rock that enclose spaces for holding water and air. Organic matter is derived from the organic remains that are strewn over the surface of the soil and form dark brown amorphous humus. Water is present as soil moisture and is derived from rain. It is an important ecological factor in determining the distribution of biota. Soil air is essential for not only microorganisms but plant roots also. The composition of soil air depends upon ventilation pores connected to the surface of the soil.

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Biology
2nd Edition, 2013
Openstax
ISBN: 9781947172517

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