PSY10003 Study Guide - Final Guide: Detection Theory, Hindbrain, Cornea
PSY10003 -
Psychology 100
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Introduction to Psychology
Psychology is defined as the scientific investigation of mental processes (thinking, remembering,
and feeling, behaviour, the environment, and the interaction between all these processes.
STRUCTURALISM VS FUNCTIONALISM
Structuralism was proposed by Wilhelm Wundt and uses introspection methods to uncover the
basics of consciousness whereas functionalism was proposed by William James and suggests that
consciousness is functional and serves a purpose.
PERSPECTIVES OF PSYCHOLOGY
•Psychodynamic
•Behaviourist
•Humanistic
•Cognitive
•Evolutionary
•Biological (not always included)
Psychodynamic Perspective - Sigmund Freud
The psychodynamic perspective proposes that conscious and unconscious forces interact to
control our thoughts, feelings, and desires. However, it is not completely reliable as it was largely
based on case studies.
•Id: the disorganised part of the personality structure that contains a human’s basic
instinctual drives (ie - hunger and sex).
•Ego: seeks to please the id’s drive in realistic ways that will benefit in the long term.
•Superego: reflects the internalisation of morals, mainly taught by parents applying their
guidance and influence.
Behaviourist Perspective - John Watson
The behaviourist perspective studies learning through conditioning (classical conditioning and
operant conditioning) using quantitative empirical data. The behaviourist perspective suggests that
thoughts and feelings cause behaviour.
Humanistic Perspective - Carl Rogers
The humanistic perspective focuses on the uniqueness of the individual and that people are
motivated to reach their full potential (self actualisation).
Cognitive Perspective - Walter; Michelle; Bandura
The cognitive perspective focuses on how people perceive, process, store, and retrieve information
and uses experimental methods to infer mental processes. However, it ignores emotion and
focuses on cold cognition.
Evolutionary Perspective
The evolutionary perspective proposes that human behaviours evolved because they helped our
ancestors survive and reproduce. Some behaviours are biologically determined (ie eating and sex).
Sociobiology: some psychological functions can be explained on an evolutionary basis
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Document Summary
Psychology is de ned as the scienti c investigation of mental processes (thinking, remembering, and feeling, behaviour, the environment, and the interaction between all these processes. Structuralism was proposed by wilhelm wundt and uses introspection methods to uncover the basics of consciousness whereas functionalism was proposed by william james and suggests that consciousness is functional and serves a purpose. Perspectives of psychology: psychodynamic, behaviourist, humanistic, cognitive, evolutionary, biological (not always included) The psychodynamic perspective proposes that conscious and unconscious forces interact to control our thoughts, feelings, and desires. The behaviourist perspective studies learning through conditioning (classical conditioning and operant conditioning) using quantitative empirical data. The behaviourist perspective suggests that thoughts and feelings cause behaviour. The humanistic perspective focuses on the uniqueness of the individual and that people are motivated to reach their full potential (self actualisation). The cognitive perspective focuses on how people perceive, process, store, and retrieve information and uses experimental methods to infer mental processes.
