CHEM 1007 Study Guide - Rate-Determining Step, Lone Pair, Nitrobenzene
Document Summary
Each carbon has a p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the ring. Rule1: it must have an uninterrupted cyclic cloud of electrons above and below the plane of the molecule. Cloud: molecule must be a planar. Cyclic: the molecule must be cyclic and have double bonds. Rule 2: the cloud must have an odd number of pairs of electrons. Reactant: alkyl halides/ acyl halides + catalyst (alcl3) Oxidation of the alkyl groups: * aromatic ring don"t react with the catalyst. Formation of the carbocation is the rate determining step and anything that helps or hinders this affects reactivity. Donating and withdrawing electron inductively through the bonds. Alkyl substituents: the electrons in the bond move towards benzene. Substituents is more electronegative than carbon: the electrons in the bond move away from benzene. Donating and withdrawing electrons by resonance through the bonds.
