ANHB1102 : Anatomy of Human Locomotion
31 Jul 2015
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Femur: head, neck, shaft, greater and lesser trochanter, medial and lateral condyle, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera. Timing: at birth = gentle c curve/no curvature, as head held up = cervical curvature, first sit up = thoracic curvature, walking = lumbar curvature, adulthood = full lumbar sacral curvature. Drawbacks: body weight anterior to line of gravity at hip joint = tendency to rotate forward on pelvis, restrained by sacrospinous, sacrotuberous & iliolumbar ligaments, vertebral column can slide forward at sacro iliac joint, restrained by wedge shaped arranged joints , reduce protrusions from line of gravity external sacroiliac ligaments. Head: protrusion of face reduced (proganthic (cid:224) orthognathic, foramen magnum in centre of skull, weight of face reduced (sinuses, better chewing efficiency, nuchal (neck) muscles counteract head falling forward. Humans (centre of gravity lowered from about t12 (cid:224) l5, although this takes time at birth cog = t12: head & trunk 58. 6, arms = 9. 4, lower limbs = 32, how other animals manage:
