HMM203 Final: Human Anatomy HMM203 -Final Exam Summary
5 Jun 2018
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Pelvic Floor – Separates the pelvic cavity from the perineal below
• Pelvic Diaphragm
• Perineal Membrane
• Muscles in the deep perineal pouch
Pelvic Diaphragm
• Formed by levator ani and coccygeus
muscles
• Upon contraction the muscles will lift
upwards and tighten the sphincters
openings of vagina and urethra
Greater Sciatic Foramen
• Communication between the pelvic cavity and the gluteal region
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
• Communication between the gluteal region and the perineum
Levator Ani: Formation of pelvic floor supporting sphincter function
• Three muscle fibres: Pubococcygeus, puborectalis and Iliococcygeus
• Muscles comes together as a ligament/raphe – anococcygeal ligament
• Innervation: S2-4
Tendinous Arch of Pelvic Fascia
• Linear thickening of levator ani muscles
Coccygeus – Assist in supporting the posterior
aspect of the pelvic floor
• Two muscles attached to each side of the
ischial spines
• Innervation: S3-4
Peritoneum
• Drapes over the pelvic viscera
• Forms pouches between adjacent viscera
and pelvic walls
• Supports the organs in abdominal cavity and also allows nerves, blood vessels, and lymph
vessels to pass through the organs
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Perineum: Diamond shaped region between the anus and
the scrotum/vulva
• Urogenital triangle - Openings of the urinary and
reproductive systems
• Anal Triangle - Contains anus and external anal
sphincter
• Innervation - S2-4
• Arterial Supply - Internal pudendal artery
Perineal Membrane: Membrane that attaches to the pubic
arch to provide attachment for external genitalia
Deep Perineal Pouch: Layer of skeletal muscle above the perineal membrane and bellow the pelvic
diaphragm
Perineal Body: Provides attachment
for the muscles and sphincters
• Stabilise the position of the
perineal body
In women the vagina passes
through a hiatus in the perineal
membrane posterior to the
urethral hiatus
Perineal Body
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Reproductive System – Male
Components:
• Testis
• Epididymis
• Ductus deferens
• Ejaculatory ducts
• Urethra
• Penis
Accessory Glands:
• Prostate (Singular)
• Seminal vesicles (Pair)
• Bulbo-urethral glands (Pair)
Penis
Raphe: Midline of the scrotum
Glans Penis
Frenulum: Median fold of skin that attaches the glans
Corona – Raised circular margin at the base of the glans
Neck – Depression posterior to the corona
Prepuce – Fold of skin that extends
forward to cover glans
• Removed during male
circumcision leaning the glans
exposed
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Document Summary
Pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity from the perineal below: pelvic diaphragm, perineal membrane, muscles in the deep perineal pouch. Pelvic diaphragm: formed by levator ani and coccygeus muscles, upon contraction the muscles will lift upwards and tighten the sphincters openings of vagina and urethra. Greater sciatic foramen: communication between the pelvic cavity and the gluteal region. Lesser sciatic foramen: communication between the gluteal region and the perineum. Levator ani: formation of pelvic floor supporting sphincter function: three muscle fibres: pubococcygeus, puborectalis and iliococcygeus, muscles comes together as a ligament/raphe anococcygeal ligament. Coccygeus assist in supporting the posterior aspect of the pelvic floor: two muscles attached to each side of the ischial spines. Peritoneum: drapes over the pelvic viscera, forms pouches between adjacent viscera and pelvic walls, supports the organs in abdominal cavity and also allows nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels to pass through the organs.
