HNN227 Study Guide - Final Guide: Depolarization, Bag Valve Mask, Intercostal Space
UNIT TITLE
TOPIC TITLE
1
DESCRIBE, PERFORM AND DOCUMENT CARE FOR A PATIENT UNDERGOING CARDIAC
MONITORING AND AN ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
THE REASON IT IS A 10 LEAD ECG, BUT CALLED A 12 LEAD ECG:
Eidhoes triagle – the right ar lead ad left ar lead joi to the left foot. Lead is a perspectie
that the ECG gives; it takes that information from the arms and shows us a view from the top which is a
perspective of the heart. Lead is a view from the combined perspectives of the heart from the right arm
and the left foot. Lead is a ie fro the left foot ad left ar, lookig at the heart fro there. The next
view is aVR (augmented voltage right), which looks at the heart from the right arm, and the aVL
(augmented voltage left), which is looking at it from the right arm. The next view is aVF (augmented
voltage foot) from the right foot. This gives us a total of 6 views (lead 1, 2 and 3, aVL, aVR and aVF); this is
combined with the 6 chest leads, which
are 12 leads.
INDICATIONS
- Chest pain, myocardial infarction,
primary conduction disorders,
cardiac dysrhythmias, acute
breathlessness, syncope, sudden
loss of consciousness, chest
trauma, burns, overdose,
electrocution, electrolyte
disturbances (e.g. potassium).
- Obtaining a baseline ECG prior to
stressful intervention
- Comparison of current electrical activity of the heart after a pathological condition has been
identified
RISKS
- Misreading ECG
- Placing ECG in wrong spot
EQUIPMENT
- The ECG machine
- ECG paper
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- Electrodes
- Gauze squares
- Scissors
METHOD
1. Hand hygiene
2. Collect equipment
3. Explain procedure and gain consent
4. Check electrodes are in date
5. Place electrodes on extremities, ensuring they are hair free and clean
6. Apply chest leads next
7. Apply first and second chest lead (V1 and V2) on the fourth intercostal space over the right and left
sternal margin (must be symmetrical)
8. V4 is placed over the 5th intercostal space over the mid-clavicular line
9. V3 midway between the second and fourth electrode
10. V6 on the same horizontal line as V4 on the mid axillary line
11. Finally V5 is placed in between V4 and V6
12. Connect the leads to each electrode as they are corresponded
13. Set the ECG according to their instructions (per hospital policy) and print the result
14. Remove electrodes and wipe off any gel
15. Clean the ECG machine
16. Document and wash hands
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Document Summary
Describe, perform and document care for a patient undergoing cardiac. The reason it is a 10 lead ecg, but called a 12 lead ecg: The next view is avr (augmented voltage right), which looks at the heart from the right arm, and the avl (augmented voltage left), which is looking at it from the right arm. The next view is avf (augmented voltage foot) from the right foot. This gives us a total of 6 views (lead 1, 2 and 3, avl, avr and avf); this is combined with the 6 chest leads, which are 12 leads. Chest pain, myocardial infarction, primary conduction disorders, cardiac dysrhythmias, acute breathlessness, syncope, sudden loss of consciousness, chest trauma, burns, overdose, electrocution, electrolyte disturbances (e. g. potassium). Obtaining a baseline ecg prior to stressful intervention. Comparison of current electrical activity of the heart after a pathological condition has been identified. Picture to the right describes how to calculate heart rate from ecg.