HNN112 Final: HYGIENE NUTRITION HYDRATION - Week 6
HNN112
HYGIENE CARE, NUTRITION & HYDRATION
1
DESCRIBE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYGIENE AND HEALTH
Hygiene is the science of health and its maintenance.
Assessment of the pt prior to assisting them with PH (personal hygiene) measures is important to prevent
otraeig orders, assuig a higher leel of atiit tha is possile or disregardig the pts
preferences. Cosult the pts hart for treatet regie, ativity orders, diagnosis etc.
Assess the pt for activity intolerance, decreases strength and endurance, pain, symptoms related to their
diagnosis, level of sedation, perceptual or cognitive impairment, neuromuscular impairment, depression or
severe anxiety.
Personal preferences may include what toiletries they use or their cultural or religious beliefs. We must
maintain dignity and privacy at all times for the pt.
The nurse needs to ensure correct manual handling technique and reduce the risk of injury for all.
SKIN
The skin serves 5 major functions:
1. Protects underlying tissue from injury, the ods first lie of defee
2. Regulates body temperature (cooling = perspiration/sweat, vasodilation. Heating = lack of
perspiration = vasoconstriction)
3. Secretes sebum, an oily substance
4. Transmits sensations through nerve receptors
5. Produces and absorbs vitamin D
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are present all over the body (except skin and some parts of genitals) and
have two classifications.
1. Apocrine glands: begin to function at puberty and produce sweat constantly and is odourless
2. Eccrine glands: these are more numerous and are on the palms of hands, soles of feet and
forehead.
Bathing removes perspiration, skin oils, dead cells and bacteria, and prevents body odour and is a daily
hygiene habit that increases in importance when a person is ill or hospitalised. It increases circulation,
enhances muscle tone and promotes relaxation and a feeling of wellbeing.
It provides an excellent opportunity to assess the patient.
Showering is generally the preferred method; an assisted shower is when the pt is unable to stand whilst
the nurse performs the procedure.
All equipment and linen is gathered and taken to the shower stall so
the shower can be completed without interruption, reducing chilling and tiring of the patient. A non-
slip mat is placed on the floor of the shower. Any incisions or venepuncture sites are covered with
waterproof material and firmly taped to prevent contamination of the site during the shower. Direct
the shower spray in a downward stream from the feet up to the neck. Wash the face with the facecloth
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formed into a mitt. Wash eyes first, then face, neck and ears. Pat the patient dry rapidly, using two or
three towels, since the entire body surface is wet and exposed leading to chilling by convection. Take
particular care to dry between body folds to prevent irritation from moisture between body surfaces.
Gather equipment as determined during assessment.
For a bed bath: bath blanket, basin, warm water (43- degrees, soap, pts leaser, toels ad
washcloths, and any additional items.
For showering: shower chair if required, soap, gel, washcloth, towel, clean clothing and any additional
items.
Don protective apparel, this includes gloves and plastic aprons. Offer pt a bedpan or urinal prior to
washing.
A bed bath is given when the pt is physically unable to leave the bed or when the treatment precludes the
possibility of the pt getting up to shower. Bed baths range from a complete sponge of the pt, to an assisted
sponge (pt is able to wash from provided equipment) which the pt requires minimal assistance
One or two nurses carry out bed bathing.
Rep lace top linen with a bath blanket by placing it over the
sheet. As the patient holds the top of the bath blanket, the sheet and the bottom of the bath blanket are
pulled to the bottom of the bed, preventing exposure of the patient. Remove the patient's gown under the
bath blanket to prevent exposure. Discard the gown in the linen hamper (if hospital clothing) or laundry
bag.
Use a towel to protect the bed linen while washing each body part so the patient has a dry bed in
which to lie. The water is changed frequently to ensure warmth, adequate rinsing and reducing the risk
of cross contamination. The soap is not left in the bath water so that the water remains clear. Use long,
firm strokes as t hey create friction to remove dirt, oil and bacteria and they are more relaxing and
comfortable than short, light strokes. The long, firm strokes should be from the distal to proximal to
aid in venous return. Expose, wash, rinse and thoroughly pat dry the body one part at a time to prevent
chilling and embarrassment.
The following order is suggested:
-
Eyes (inner to outer canthus, no soap)
-
Face, neck and ears (check patient preference for soap on the face) far arm and hand (soak hand
in the basin)
-
Near arm and hand (soak hand in the basin) chest and axillae
-
Abdomen and groin
-
Far thigh, leg and foot (soak foot in the basin)
-
Near leg and foot (soak foot in the basin)
-
Back
-
Genital and anal areas.
Perineal care
needs to be provided efficiently and matter-of-factly. Nurses should wear gloves and
eourage pts to do this by themselves if possible.
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Document Summary
Hygiene is the science of health and its maintenance. Assessment of the pt prior to assisting them with ph (personal hygiene) measures is important to prevent (cid:272)o(cid:374)tra(cid:448)e(cid:374)i(cid:374)g orders, assu(cid:373)i(cid:374)g a higher le(cid:448)el of a(cid:272)ti(cid:448)it(cid:455) tha(cid:374) is possi(cid:271)le or disregardi(cid:374)g the pt(cid:859)s preferences. Co(cid:374)sult the pt(cid:859)s (cid:272)hart for treat(cid:373)e(cid:374)t regi(cid:373)e(cid:374), a(cid:272)tivity orders, diagnosis etc. Assess the pt for activity intolerance, decreases strength and endurance, pain, symptoms related to their diagnosis, level of sedation, perceptual or cognitive impairment, neuromuscular impairment, depression or severe anxiety. Personal preferences may include what toiletries they use or their cultural or religious beliefs. We must maintain dignity and privacy at all times for the pt. The nurse needs to ensure correct manual handling technique and reduce the risk of injury for all. The skin serves 5 major functions: protects underlying tissue from injury, the (cid:271)od(cid:455)(cid:859)s first li(cid:374)e of defe(cid:374)(cid:272)e, regulates body temperature (cooling = perspiration/sweat, vasodilation.
