EDL1260 Study Guide - Final Guide: Extraversion And Introversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness
1. NATURE'VS'NURTURE#
Nature:#the#abilities,#cognitive#capacities#and#physical#abilities#that#we#are#born#with#“refers#
to#the#inherited#genetic#characteristics#and#tendencies#that#influence#development’#
Nurture:#the#abilities,#cognitive#capacities#and#physical#abilities#that#develop#through#
interaction#with#our#environment#‘the#environmental#conditions#that#influence#
development’#
• Rick#factors:#result#in#increased#probability#of#a#poor#outcome#
• Protective#factors:#increased#probability#of#a#positive#outcome#
Developmental#theorists#have#come#to#realise#that#nature#and#nurture#are#both#important#
and#that#they#intermesh#dynamically#in#the#lives#of#children.##
#
Maslow’s(Hierarchy(of(needs#
• Physiological#needs:#breathing,#water,#food#
• Safety#needs:#shelter,#security#of#health#
• Love/belonging#needs:#relationships,#family,#friendships#
• Esteem#needs:#achievement,#mastery,#respect#from#others#
• Self#actualisation:#reaching#ones#full#potential#
#
Personality,(Goldberg(OCEAN#
• Openness#to#experience:#an#individuals#willingness#to#try#new#things,#be#vulnerable#
and#think#outside#the#box#
• Conscientiousness:#the#tendency#to#control#impulses#and#act#in#socially#acceptable#
ways##
• Extroversion:#where#an#individual#draws#their#energy#and#how#they#interact#with#
others#
• Agreeableness:#how#well#people#get#along#with#others#
• Neuroticism:#ones#emotional#stability#and#general#temper#
#
All#children#are#born#wired#for#feelings#and#ready#to#learn,#early#environments#are#nurturing#
relationships#are#essential,#society#is#changing#and#the#needs#of#young#children#are#often#not#
being#addressed.#
#
Culture#
establish#frameworks#for#perceiving,#believing,#evaluating,#communicating,#and#acting#
among#people#who#share#a#language,#historic#period#and#geographic#location.###
What%does%culture%do?%#
• General#agreement:#that#culture#governs#underlying#beliefs,#values#and#how#we#
communicate#and#act#among#people##
• Subcultures:#cultures#within#a#culture,#typical#of#every#culture.##
#
Document Summary
Nature: the abilities, cognitive capacities and physical abilities that we are born with refers to the inherited genetic characteristics and tendencies that influence development". Developmental theorists have come to realise that nature and nurture are both important and that they intermesh dynamically in the lives of children. Maslow"s hierarchy of needs: physiological needs: breathing, water, food, safety needs: shelter, security of health. Love/belonging needs: relationships, family, friendships: esteem needs: achievement, mastery, respect from others, self actualisation: reaching ones full potential. All children are born wired for feelings and ready to learn, early environments are nurturing relationships are essential, society is changing and the needs of young children are often not being addressed. Culture establish frameworks for perceiving, believing, evaluating, communicating, and acting among people who share a language, historic period and geographic location.
