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BIOL10004 Study Guide - Final Guide: Vascular Cambium, Sporophyte, Gametophyte

239 views9 pages
roseturtle504
8 Sep 2018
School
University of Melbourne
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL10004
Professor
Dawn Gleeson

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Document Summary

Free from water, could be in either tropical or dry conditions. Fern gametophytes are small, free-living, heart-shaped thalloid structures that bear rhizoids and sex organs on their central surface. Sporophytes and gametophytes are two free-living stages of life cycle. After fertilisation, the sporophyte is retained and develops on the gametophyte. The sporophyte remains dependent upon the gametophyte for nutritional requirements. They are the most diverse plants in terrestrial ecosystem. Sporophyte is the dominant stage which produces two spores (micro and mega gametophytes). Microgametophyte produces three sperms, megagametophyte produces eight cells. Once pollen grains are in the micropyle of the ovules, they undergo cell divisions within the confines of the pollen grain wall to form the microgametophyte. A pollen tube germinates through an opening in the pollen grain wall, grows through the nucellus and provides a direct route to the archegonia and egg. Most conifers bear micro- and megagametophyte in cones.

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Related Questions

1. A plant the lacks petals and has well-developed anthers ismost likely

pollinated by fruit-eatingmammals.
pollinated by bees.
pollinated by birds.

pollinated by wind.

2. SELECT EACH TYPE of tissue that may be found in a maturefruit or seed. Can be more than one

Diploid sporophyte tissue from theprevious generation
Triploid endosperm
Diploid embryonic tissue
Haploid sperm cells

Tissue from the female gametophyte

3. Based on the outcome for plants, a monkey eating a banana isa

parasite.
pollinator.
disperser.

fertilizer.

4. Select all of the environmentswhere seeds would be an advantage over spores. Can be more thanone

Deserts
Areas with unpredictablerainfall
Wet humid swamps
Open habitats with sparsevegetation

Under a dense forest canopy

5. Select all the advantages that seeds have over spores.

Seeds have increased droughtresistance.
Long term dormancy ispossible.
Sexual reproduction is onlypossible with seeds.
Nutrition is packaged with theembryo.

Widespread dispersal is possible with a seed coat.

6. Nectar is a sugar-laden liquid that is very energeticallyexpensive to produce. Why do plants allocate resources to produceit instead of just producing more flowers?

Nectar serves as an enticement forinsects.
Nectar is sticky and traps windborne pollen.
Nectar provides nutrition to thedeveloping embryo.

Nectar provides energy during pollen tube formation.

7.The dried pericarp that forms the peanut shell provideevidence that peanuts are

legumes.
drupes.
samaras.

pomes.


8. All members of the Anthophyta have

nectaries.
animal pollinators.
scented flowers.
ovules enclosed in carpels.

fleshy fruits for dispersal.

9. Why is external water not essential for fertilization in seedplants?

Ovules are contained within thepollen.
Sperm cells are used to transportpollen to the archegonia.
Seed plants use pollen instead ofsperm for fertilization.
The sperm cells in seed plants arecapable of resisting desiccation.

Pollen grains are transported by wind or an animal.

10.Select the true statements concerning seeds. Can be more thanone

Seeds allow for dormancy untilfavorable conditions arise.
The fruit provides nutrition to thedeveloping embryo.
The ovule dries and forms the seedcoat.
The seed stores all of thenutrition and water the embryo needs to germinate.
Seeds can resist conditions thatwould kill a live plant.

Seeds are key to wide dispersal of offspring.

11. Select the true statements concerning sperm and pollen. Canbe more than one.

In seed plants the entire malegametophyte is dispersed.
The pollen fertilizes the egg.
The pollen tube facilitates thepollination of the ovule.
Pollen transports the cells thatform the sperm but only the sperm fertilizes the egg.

Unlike mosses and ferns water is not needed for fertilization inseed plants.

12.Check which of the following are correct regarding thebenefit of seeds. Can be more than one.

Seeds protect the young embryo byenclosing it in several layers of gametophyte tissue.
Seeds provide a source ofnourishment to the embryonic plant.
The integument forms a seed coatthat protects against desiccation.
Seeds provide a structure in whicha dormant embryo can avoid unfavorable growing conditions andgerminate when conditions improve.

Seeds are a means to transport offspring away from the parentalplant.

13. A fruit-bearing dioecious flower would have

a gynoecium.
neither an androecium nor agynoecium.
an androecium.

both an androecium and a gynoecium.

14. A researcher brings a sample of dry soil to the lab, wetsit, provides ample amounts of fertilizer, and places the soil in acontainer in a greenhouse. Which type of plant would be leastlikely to emerge?

Corn
Sunflower
Liverwort
Wheat
Pine seedling