BIO1011 Study Guide - Final Guide: Charophyta, Life Table, Plasmodesma
6 Jun 2018
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READING MATERIAL FOR BIO1011 LECTURES
Lectures 1-2: INTRODUCTION and ORGANIC MOLECULES
Your understanding of readings for Lectures 1-2 will be assessed in
MasteringBio assignment 1
Lecture 1 deals with general aspects of the course, levels of biological organization and some
basic biology-related chemistry (biochemistry). Lecture 2 builds on this to investigate the
main classes of macromolecules. Students who have not studied chemistry before will be
assisted in the identification and comprehension of basic chemical concepts. Students who
have studied chemistry may be familiar with the subject matter, but the content will extend
beyond VCE chemistry.
Reference Campbell Biology 10th Edn. Australian and New Zealand Version (2015)
Concepts 1.1; 2.1- 2.3; 3.1- 3.2; 4.1-4.2; 5.1- 5.5
Objectives After reading these chapters and attending the lectures the student should be
able to:
• Understand the hierarchy of structural and functional levels in biology.
• Understand the properties associated with life.
• Define element and compound.
• Describe the structure of an atom, and explain atomic number, atomic mass, valence
and daltons.
• Define electronegativity and explain its role in the formation of chemical bonds.
• Distinguish between covalent, ionic and weak bonds.
• Describe how water contributes to the fitness of the environment to support life.
• Describe the structure and geometry of a water molecule.
• Explain the relationship between the polar nature of water and its ability to form
hydrogen bonds.
• Distinguish between heat and temperature.
• Distinguish between the monomers that make up macromolecules, and the bonds that
link monomers.
• List the roles of proteins in organisms.
• Understand the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.
• Provide examples of monosaccharides and disaccharides.
• Provide examples of structural and storage polysaccharides.
• Define a nucleotide and give examples of biologically important nucleotides.
• Define the classes of lipids and understand their functions and biological importance.
• List the basic units that make up glycerides, steroids and terpenes.
• Understand the concept of scale in biological systems - from organelle to cell to
tissue to organ.
Students should be able to define the following terms:
α helix
β-pleated sheet acid
amino acid
amylose
anion
carbohydrate cation
cellulose
complementary bases
condensation
covalent bond
dehydration reaction
denaturation
disaccharide
disulfide bridge
DNA
double helix electron
electron shell
electronegativity
fats
fatty acid
fructose
glucose
glyceride
glycerol
hydrogen bond
hydronium ion
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
hydrophobic interactions
hydroxide ion
ion
lipid
macromolecule
monomer
monosaccharide
nucleic acid
nucleotide
neutron
non-polar
peptide linkage
phospholipid
polar covalent bond
polymer
polypeptide
polysaccharide
primary structure
protein
proton
purine
pyrimidine
quaternary structure
ribose
RNA
saturated fats
secondary structure
starch
steroid
sucrose
sugar phosphate
terpenes
tertiary structure
triglyceride
unsaturated fats
G. Rayner
Lectures 3-4: ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS WITHIN CELLS -
ENZYMES and CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Your understanding of readings for Lectures 3-4 will be assessed in
MasteringBio assignment 2
Reference Campbell Biology 10th Edn. Australian and New Zealand Version (2015)
Concepts 2.4; 8.1-8.5; 9.1-9.6
Chapter 8 explains the role of ATP and other molecules in energy metabolism of cells and explains
how enzymes facilitate and control metabolic reactions. Chapter 9. This reading explains cellular
respiration in terms of energy transformations within cells. Each process contains a number of
chemical reactions; e.g. 10 for glycolysis. It is not necessary to learn the details of all of these
reactions, but it is important to understand where energy is consumed in these reactions and where it
is made available to generate energy-rich phosphate bonds (ADP to ATP).
Objectives After reading this chapter and attending the lectures students should be familiar
with the following concepts and processes.
• Exergonic and endergonic chemical reactions.
• Why organisms use enzymes to catalyse chemical reactions.
• Enzymes as a specialised group of proteins and how they speed up chemical reactions.
• Effects of substrate concentrations, temperatures and pH on enzyme activity.
• Define oxidation and reduction.
• Explain how REDOX reactions are involved in energy exchanges.
• Describe the role of ATP in coupled reactions.
• Explain how energy flows through the biosphere.
• Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis.
• Write a summary equation for glycolysis and describe where it occurs in the cell.
• Describe where pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl CoA, and how it links glycolysis to
the Krebs cycle.
• Describe the location, molecules in and molecules out for the Krebs cycle.
• Explain at what points during cellular respiration glucose is completely oxidized.
• Summarise the net ATP yield from the oxidation of a glucose molecule.
Students should be able to define the following terms:
action spectrum
active site
aerobic / anaerobic
allosteric site
ATP synthase
carboxylase / oxygenase
catalyst
cellular respiration
chemical equilibrium
coenzyme
cofactors
cytochrome oxidase
denaturation
electrochemical gradient
electron carrier
electron transport chain flavin adenine
dinucleotide
endergonic / exergonic
energy of activation
enzyme
enzyme kinetics
fermentation
free energy
free energy change
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
H+ (proton) gradients
induced fit
metabolic pathway
metabolism
mitochondrion
NAD(P)
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)
non-cyclic electron transport
optimal pH
Document Summary
Your understanding of readings for lectures 1-2 will be assessed in. Lecture 1 deals with general aspects of the course, levels of biological organization and some basic biology-related chemistry (biochemistry). Lecture 2 builds on this to investigate the main classes of macromolecules. Students who have not studied chemistry before will be assisted in the identification and comprehension of basic chemical concepts. Students who have studied chemistry may be familiar with the subject matter, but the content will extend beyond vce chemistry. Objectives after reading these chapters and attending the lectures the student should be. Students should be able to define the following terms: Pleated sheet acid amino acid amylose anion carbohydrate cation cellulose complementary bases condensation covalent bond dehydration reaction denaturation disaccharide disulfide bridge. Rna saturated fats secondary structure starch steroid sucrose sugar phosphate terpenes tertiary structure triglyceride unsaturated fats: rayner. Your understanding of readings for lectures 3-4 will be assessed in.
