BIO1011 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Eumetazoa, Sponge, Animal
3 Aug 2018
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Nutritional mode: heterotrophs, must acquire energy from environment. Ingest food, and break it down with enzymes. Cell structure and specialisation: eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell wall, many have cells specialised for movement and coordination e. g. muscle and nerve cells. Reproduction and development: most animals reproduce sexually (apart from hydra, diploid stage usually dominates, single celled haploid stages: small, flagellated sperm and larger, non-motile egg. Particular set of morphological and developmental traits integrated into functional whole. Basic features: symmetry- radial, bilateral, body cavity, cephalisation, organisation of tissues, early embryology. Metazoa (multicellular organisms) are monophyletic (have a single ancestor) Most a(cid:374)i(cid:373)als (cid:271)elo(cid:374)g to the (cid:272)lade (cid:858)(cid:271)ilateria(cid:859), (cid:373)ea(cid:374)i(cid:374)g they are bilaterally symmetrical. Cell aggregates: different cell types, no true tissues, lack organs. Lack of circulatory, respiratory, digestive or excretory systems. Have tentacles and a gastrovascular cavity with surrounding sac. Two forms: sessile polyps, mobile medusa. Diploblastic: two germ layer: ectoderm and endoderm. Carnivorous: have tentacles around mouth, have stinging cells called cnidocytes.
