PHY2011 Study Guide - Final Guide: Spermatocyte, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, Mitosis

• School: Monash University
• Department: Science - Physiology
• Course: PHY2011
• Professor: Ramesh Rajan

Document Summary

Lecture objectives: list the hormones that are secreted by the testis. Four major functional components of the male reproductive system: (1) production of male gametes(spermatozoa)andsynthesis/secretion of androgens. Testis, spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis (2) a paired system of ducts to collect, store and transport sperm from each testis. Efferent ducts, epididymis, vas deferens (3) exocrine glands producing the bulk of the seminal fluid (lubrication; nutrients for sperm) Seminal vesicles (~60% of volume), prostate (~30%), bulbourethral glands (4) copulation and delivery of semen to female reproductive tract. Hormones secreted by the testis are: testosterone (leydig cells) and inhibin (sertoli cells) Initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis: maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics, this is achieved via the conversion of testosterone to dht, testosterone can also be converted to estrogen by aromatase which is found mainly in adipose tissue. Anabolic actions: testosterone increases basal metabolic rate and the rate of protein synthesis. Testosterone levels increase rapidly at puberty under the stimulus of anterior pituitary gonadotrophins.