PSY2061 Study Guide - Final Guide: Resting Potential, Ependyma, Myelin

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Nathaniel Parsons
PSY2061 Learning Objectives Week 4 S1 2018
Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission
Be able to draw and label the major features of neurons
Be able to describe four types of glia (In CNS)
Astrocytes provide nutrition for neurons.
Oligodendrocytes provide support and produce the myelin sheath.
Microglial cells are the immune system of the brain by cleaning the CNS.
Ependymal cells provide support for the ventricles in the CNS.
Describe a resting potential
In resting neurons there is more Na+ outside the cell and more K+ inside the cell. The
unequal distribution of ions is mediated by ion channels on the cellular membrane which
allow these ions to pass through the cell. There is electrostatic pressure created by Na+ as it
trieds to enter the cell. During a resting potential the Na+ won’t be able to enter the cell
because these ion channels are closed. Additionally, K+ won’t leave the cell because the
electrostatic pressure keeps them inside.
The stability of resting membrane potential relies on the sodium potassium pump. Since the
Na+ and K+ ions are constantly in motion they will tend to move down their concentration
gradient, i.e. Na+ will tend to enter and K+ will tend to exit. Negative charge inside the neuron
(-70mV) creates pressure for Na+ and K+ ions to enter. Sodium potassium pumps transport 3
Na+ out for every 2 K+ they transport in.
Know what summation of post-synaptic potentials refers to
When neurons fire they release neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters diffuse across the
synaptic cleft and interact with receptor molecules on the next neuron. These neurons can
either cause a depolarisation (decrease in resting membrane potential of the post synaptic
neuron -> -67mV) or a hyperpolarisation (increase in resting membrane potential of the post
synaptic neuron -> -72mV). Depolarisation causes an inhibitory post synaptic potential
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Document Summary

Be able to draw and label the major features of neurons. Be able to describe four types of glia (in cns) Oligodendrocytes provide support and produce the myelin sheath. Microglial cells are the immune system of the brain by cleaning the cns. Ependymal cells provide support for the ventricles in the cns. In resting neurons there is more na+ outside the cell and more k+ inside the cell. The unequal distribution of ions is mediated by ion channels on the cellular membrane which allow these ions to pass through the cell. There is electrostatic pressure created by na+ as it trieds to enter the cell. During a resting potential the na+ won"t be able to enter the cell because these ion channels are closed. Additionally, k+ won"t leave the cell because the electrostatic pressure keeps them inside. The stability of resting membrane potential relies on the sodium potassium pump.

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