BIOL1020 Study Guide - Population Genetics, Allele Frequency, Mendelian Inheritance
Document Summary
Single gene is passed on through time part of revolutionary process. Dna replicates in individuals evolution happens in populations. Selection pressure: a force that causes a particular organism to evolve in a certain direction. Favourable mutation may increase chances of survival. Sources of genetic variation: genetic mutation - nucleotide-pair substitution. Silent (synonymous): does not affect amino acid i. e. third position in codon. Nonsense: protein no longer created: genetic mutation nucleotide-pair insertion or deletion. Insertion of entirely new amino acid: random mutations create allelic variation, recombination and independent assortment in sexually reproducing organs. Genetic variation affects individual"s fitness can be deleterious, neutral or advantageous. Somatic (mitosis) mutations matter to individual but are not heritable (i. e. cancer) Frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation providing: Evolution: a change in the frequency of alleles over space and time in the gene pool of a reproducing population. Allele frequencies change via: new mutations, random chance.
