CHEM1200 Final: Chemistry 2 Notes + Study Guide
Document Summary
First order reaction rate is dependent on the concentration of one reactant and there is a distinct break. There is a distinct intermediate that forms it is a stepwise reaction. Second order reaction rate is dependent on the concentration of both reactants and a collision occurs. There is no distinct intermediate, the reaction is fluid. Bond breaking: heterolytic bond cleavage both electrons of a bond go to one species, homolytic bond cleavage one electron from the bond goes to each species. Electrophile electron loving usually lacks lone pairs or has positive charge. So, lower pka = stronger acid therefore a more stable conjugate base. Electronegative atoms, such as chlorine, have the ability to increase acidity of species by pulling electron. The more resonance structures, the more stable a compound is. If there is a charge or lone pair next to a bond, resonance will occur. The best nucleophiles have conjugate acids with high pka.
