PHYS1002 Study Guide - Final Guide: Pauli Exclusion Principle, Magnetic Quantum Number, Azimuthal Quantum Number

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10 Aug 2018
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Chapter 30 the nature of the atom. 30. 1 rutherford scattering and the nuclear atom: an atom contains a small, positively charged nucleus (radius about. ), which is surrounded at relatively large distances (radius about. In the natural state, an atom is electrically neutral since the nucleus contains a number of protons (charge. ) exactly equal to its number of electrons (charge the ato(cid:373), other(cid:449)ise the(cid:455) (cid:449)ould (cid:858)fall i(cid:374)to(cid:859) the (cid:374)u(cid:272)leus due to the attra(cid:272)tio(cid:374) (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) their charges! Yet a problem appears when an electron is moving around the nucleus, it has centripetal acceleration and radiates electromagnetic waves, carrying away energy. These electrons must be moving around the electrons spiral inwards and collapse anyway. With a grating spectroscope, individual wavelengths emitted by a low-pressure gas in a sealed tube with two electrodes at the end (and a large enough potential difference) can be separated and identified as a series of bright fringes.