BIOL1993 Study Guide - Final Guide: Thrombus, Vitamin K, Antibody
15 May 2018
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Functions of blood
• Distribution – Nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones
• Regulation – Body temperature, pH, Fluid volume
• Damage control – Blood loss, Infection and disease
What is blood?
• Fluid connective tissue – Cells suspended in fluid matrix
• 8% of body weight (4-6 L)
• Volumes varies – Decreases during exercise – Increases during pregnancy
Composition of blood
Plasma:
• 91% Water, 7% Proteins, 2% Other solutes
Plasma proteins
• Albumin 60%
o Carrier molecules
o Maintains osmotic pressure
• Globulins 35%
o Defence e.g. immunoglobulins
o Transport e.g. fats & vitamins
• Fibrinogen 4%
o Essential component of blood clots
• Other regulatory proteins 1%
o Enzymes, hormones
Other solutes in plasma
• Electrolytes
o Na+ , K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+ Cl- ,
HCO3 - ions
o Help maintain osmotic
pressure
• Nutrients
o Carbohydates, amino acids,
fatty acids
o Vitamins and minerals
• Wastes
o Most are products of protein
metabolism
o Urea, uric acid, creatine,
ammonia
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White blood cells (leukocytes)
• Complete cells
• Larger than RBCs (10-15 µm)
• Movement through tissue by amoeboid motion
• Phagocytose or release chemicals
• (Cells with dots inside: granule WBC – eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
• Fragments of megakaryocyte
• Diameter 2-4 µm
• Trigger blood clotting
• Help repair blood vessels
• Attract WBCs to site of inflammation
Red blood cells
• Most numerous type of blood cell
• Life span 110-120 days
• Don’t contain nuclei and hence cannot divide
• Transport oxygen
RBC structure
• Biconcave shape
o Membrane collapses inwards due to loss of nucleus
o Ideal for gas exchange due to larger SA:V ratio
• Soft and elastic
o Easily folds to squeeze through small blood vessels
Haemoglobin
• Protein built up from 4 globin subunits (polypeptide chains)
• Each subunit contains a haem molecule
• Each haem group contains one iron atom
• Forms: Oxyhaemoglobin, Deoxyheamoglobin,
Carbaminohaemoglobin
Haematopoiesis
• Formation of blood cellular components
• Majority of the processes occurs in bone marrow
• All formed elements originate from the same kind of cell (haematopoetic stem cell)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Functions of blood: distribution nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, regulation body temperature, ph, fluid volume, damage control blood loss, infection and disease. What is blood: fluid connective tissue cells suspended in fluid matrix, 8% of body weight (4-6 l, volumes varies decreases during exercise increases during pregnancy. Plasma: 91% water, 7% proteins, 2% other solutes. Other solutes in plasma: electrolytes, carrier molecules, maintains osmotic pressure, globulins 35, na+ , k+ , ca2+, mg2+ cl- , Larger than rbcs (10-15 m: complete cells, movement through tissue by amoeboid motion, phagocytose or release chemicals (cells with dots inside: granule wbc eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil) Platelets (thrombocytes: fragments of megakaryocyte, diameter 2-4 m, trigger blood clotting, help repair blood vessels, attract wbcs to site of inflammation. Life span 110-120 days: most numerous type of blood cell, don"t contain nuclei and hence cannot divide, transport oxygen. Rbc structure: biconcave shape, membrane collapses inwards due to loss of nucleus.
