BIOL1007 Study Guide - Final Guide: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, Great Oxygenation Event, Electron Transport Chain
15 May 2018
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Main points for Module 2 Biol1997
Energy systems and cells
The Great oxidation event
• 2.5 billion years ago
• Bacteria produced free oxygen in atmosphere (green bacteria, has chloroplasts)
• Oxygen reacted in upper atmosphere to produce ozone (UV protection)
• Plants start colonizing land (450 million years ago)
Evolution of leaves
• Plants were wide-spread but with simple morphology
• CO2 concentration in atmosphere is low for the first time (as they use CO2 to make O2)
• Became major problem for plants and need solution to increase CO2 diffusion
• THUS, solution = LEAVES
Properties of leaves
• Large flat surfaces to capture light
• Waterproof cuticles
• Complex breathing structures (stomata)
• Plumbing to transport water/sugar (phloem, xylem)
Important molecules in plant biology
• ATP: adenosine triphosphate
• ADP: adenosine diphosphate
• NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
o reducing agent during the synthesis of nucleic acids and lipids
o in photosynthesis
o electron capture molecule
• NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
o NADH is produced in catabolic reactions and is later used in the electron transport chain
to obtain energy by converting NADH back to NAD+
o in cellular respiration
NADP/NADPH
• NADH and NADPH act as electron carriers
• NADPH has 2 more electrons than NADP+
o Acts as an electron transport (it also transports a hydrogen), and can supply electrons
for the electron transport chain to produce ATP
• NADPH has a phosphate group attached to its 2' carbon while NADH does not
• Reduction of NADP → NADPH
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Photosynthetic electron transport
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The (cid:862)great oxidation event(cid:863: 2. 5 billion years ago, bacteria produced free oxygen in atmosphere (green bacteria, has chloroplasts, oxygen reacted in upper atmosphere to produce ozone (uv protection, plants start colonizing land (450 million years ago) Large flat surfaces to capture light: waterproof cuticles, complex breathing structures (stomata, plumbing to transport water/sugar (phloem, xylem) Steps of photosynthesis: electron transport (light-dependent, calvin cycle (light-independent) These reactions take place on the thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast. During this stage light energy is converted to atp (chemical energy) and nadph (reducing power). An electron in the chlorophyll molecules becomes excited as a result of a higher level of energy. The excited electron becomes unstable and is released. Plastoquinone is the mobile carrier that transports the electrons from the reaction center of psii to the cytochrome b6f complex: the electrons lost from psii are replaced by splitting water with light in a process called.
