PHSI2005 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Myocyte, Tetanus, Motor Unit

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Factors influencing tension
Frequency of stimulation
Twitches – contraction to single AP
oSmall- actin binding incomplete
oSlow- latent period between AP and contraction
oContraction & relaxation both dependent on Ca2+
Twitch summation: ‘piggy backed’ twitches
oDue to shorter duration of AP (1~2ms) compared to twitch (100ms)
oWorks due to sustained elevation of cytosolic Ca2+
If APs fire while Ca2+ still present in cytosol, myosin cross bridge binding
on actin remain exposed allow continued contraction
Tetanus: smooth, sustained contraction of muscle fibre
oMuscle fibre stimulated so it does not have the chance to relax
oMaximum firing rates lead to max. cytosolic levels which in turn lead to max.
contraction
*AP have shorter duration than twitch contractions
Length-tension relationship
Optimal length: length at which max. overlap exists between thick and thin filaments
maximal force
Sub-maximal force: any shorter or longer length than optimal
oShorter: mechanical interference
oLonger: no overlap
In vivo: muscle length range limited to 0.7-1.3 times optimal length
Motor unit
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T(cid:449)it(cid:272)hes (cid:272)o(cid:374)t(cid:396)a(cid:272)tio(cid:374) to si(cid:374)gle ap: s(cid:373)all- a(cid:272)ti(cid:374) (cid:271)i(cid:374)di(cid:374)g i(cid:374)(cid:272)o(cid:373)plete, slo(cid:449)- late(cid:374)t pe(cid:396)iod (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) ap a(cid:374)d (cid:272)o(cid:374)t(cid:396)a(cid:272)tio(cid:374, co(cid:374)t(cid:396)a(cid:272)tio(cid:374) & (cid:396)ela(cid:454)atio(cid:374) (cid:271)oth depe(cid:374)de(cid:374)t o(cid:374) ca(cid:1006)+ T(cid:449)it(cid:272)h su(cid:373)(cid:373)atio(cid:374): (cid:858)pigg(cid:455) (cid:271)a(cid:272)ked(cid:859) t(cid:449)it(cid:272)hes: due to sho(cid:396)te(cid:396) du(cid:396)atio(cid:374) of ap (cid:894)(cid:1005)~(cid:1006)(cid:373)s(cid:895) (cid:272)o(cid:373)pa(cid:396)ed to t(cid:449)it(cid:272)h (cid:894)(cid:1005)(cid:1004)(cid:1004)(cid:373)s(cid:895, wo(cid:396)ks due to sustai(cid:374)ed ele(cid:448)atio(cid:374) of (cid:272)(cid:455)tosoli(cid:272) ca(cid:1006)+ If aps fi(cid:396)e (cid:449)hile ca(cid:1006)+ still p(cid:396)ese(cid:374)t i(cid:374) (cid:272)(cid:455)tosol, (cid:373)(cid:455)osi(cid:374) (cid:272)(cid:396)oss (cid:271)(cid:396)idge (cid:271)i(cid:374)di(cid:374)g o(cid:374) a(cid:272)ti(cid:374) (cid:396)e(cid:373)ai(cid:374) e(cid:454)posed allo(cid:449) (cid:272)o(cid:374)ti(cid:374)ued (cid:272)o(cid:374)t(cid:396)a(cid:272)tio(cid:374) Teta(cid:374)us: s(cid:373)ooth, sustai(cid:374)ed (cid:272)o(cid:374)t(cid:396)a(cid:272)tio(cid:374) of (cid:373)us(cid:272)le fi(cid:271)(cid:396)e: mus(cid:272)le fi(cid:271)(cid:396)e sti(cid:373)ulated so it does (cid:374)ot ha(cid:448)e the (cid:272)ha(cid:374)(cid:272)e to (cid:396)ela(cid:454, ma(cid:454)i(cid:373)u(cid:373) fi(cid:396)i(cid:374)g (cid:396)ates lead to (cid:373)a(cid:454). (cid:272)(cid:455)tosoli(cid:272) le(cid:448)els (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h i(cid:374) tu(cid:396)(cid:374) lead to (cid:373)a(cid:454). (cid:272)o(cid:374)t(cid:396)a(cid:272)tio(cid:374) Opti(cid:373)al le(cid:374)gth: le(cid:374)gth at (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h (cid:373)a(cid:454). o(cid:448)e(cid:396)lap e(cid:454)ists (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) thi(cid:272)k a(cid:374)d thi(cid:374) fila(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts (cid:373)a(cid:454)i(cid:373)al fo(cid:396)(cid:272)e. Su(cid:271)-(cid:373)a(cid:454)i(cid:373)al fo(cid:396)(cid:272)e: a(cid:374)(cid:455) sho(cid:396)te(cid:396) o(cid:396) lo(cid:374)ge(cid:396) le(cid:374)gth tha(cid:374) opti(cid:373)al: sho(cid:396)te(cid:396): (cid:373)e(cid:272)ha(cid:374)i(cid:272)al i(cid:374)te(cid:396)fe(cid:396)e(cid:374)(cid:272)e, lo(cid:374)ge(cid:396): (cid:374)o o(cid:448)e(cid:396)lap. I(cid:374) (cid:448)i(cid:448)o: (cid:373)us(cid:272)le le(cid:374)gth (cid:396)a(cid:374)ge li(cid:373)ited to (cid:1004). (cid:1011)-(cid:1005). (cid:1007) ti(cid:373)es opti(cid:373)al le(cid:374)gth.

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