PSYC2012 Study Guide - Final Guide: Level Of Measurement, E.G. Time, Frequency Distribution

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20 Oct 2018
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There have been many recent scandals in psychology regarding research ethics. The most common ethical issue is what is known as data irregularities". Elements of the scientific method: objectivity, confirmation, replication / failure to replicate. Variables: conceptual vs. operational (theory vs. practice, categorical vs. continuous, manipulated vs. measured. Independent variable what you manipulate: dependent variable what you measure. Nominal/discrete/categorical: each category has its own identity, can only make same/different comparisons, e. g. colour scale. Ordinal scale: the levels of the scale can be ordered as higher, lower or equal, e. g. race places - 1st, 2nd, 3rd. Interval scale: units are equally spaced but there is not inherent zero, cannot have an absence of the quantity, e. g. temperature. Ratio scale: equally spaced units and an absolute zero, e. g. time. Histogram a graph of a frequency distribution. Symmetrical: bell-shaped, bimodal, rectangular, asymmetrical, positive skew, negative skew.

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