400138 Study Guide - Final Guide: Thrombosis, Anaphylaxis, Cramp
22 Jun 2018
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
(Short answer questions for Final Exam will be taken from this list)
1. Discuss the causes, types, clinical consequences and compensatory mechanisms
involved in haemorrhage.
Causes:
Physical trauma.
Weakened blood vessels from atherosclerosis.
Damage of small blood vessel walls from bacterial toxins.
Inflammatory process in blood vessel walls as in autoimmune conditions.
Erosion of the vessel wall from tumor growth or gastric acid.
Reduced platelet count/ clotting disorders.
Types:
External > blood lost from the body or in the GI tract.
Internal > in body cavities or into tissues.
Haematoma > collection of blood in a tissue.
Clinical consequences:
Haemorrhagic shock.
CNS bleeding is dangerous.
In external bleeding, anaemia and iron deficiency.
Compensatory mechanisms:
Sympathetic nervous system activation > vasoconstriction.
RAAS activation > electrolytes and fluid reabsorption from urine.
Red bone marrow stimulated > to produce more RBC’s.
2. Define shock and discuss its main types in regard to causes and pathophysiology. (Her
Car Never Accelerates Slowly).
Shock is the failure of the cardiovascular system to adequately supply tissues.
Hypovolaemic > loss of full blood or plasma by at least 20-25%.
Cardiogenic > myocardial pump failure > drop in stroke volume and low cardiac
output.
Neurogenic > spinal cord injury > vasodilation leading to underfilling of
circulation and reduction of blood pressure.
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Document Summary
Short answer questions for pathophysiology 1 (short answer questions for final exam will be taken from this list: discuss the causes, types, clinical consequences and compensatory mechanisms involved in haemorrhage. Damage of small blood vessel walls from bacterial toxins. Inflammatory process in blood vessel walls as in autoimmune conditions. Erosion of the vessel wall from tumor growth or gastric acid. External > blood lost from the body or in the gi tract. Internal > in body cavities or into tissues. Haematoma > collection of blood in a tissue. In external bleeding, anaemia and iron deficiency. Raas activation > electrolytes and fluid reabsorption from urine. Red bone marrow stimulated > to produce more rbc"s: define shock and discuss its main types in regard to causes and pathophysiology. (her. Shock is the failure of the cardiovascular system to adequately supply tissues. Hypovolaemic > loss of full blood or plasma by at least 20-25%.
