400138 Study Guide - Final Guide: Scoliosis, Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, Spondyloarthropathy
22 Jun 2018
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS FOR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
(Short answer questions for Final Exam will be taken from this list)
1. Discuss causes, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of low back pain.
Causes:
Sprain or strain.
IV disc injuries.
Compression fractures in OP.
Pagets disease.
Metastatic bone tumors.
Spondylosis.
Spondylolisthesis.
Spondyloarthropathies.
Clinical manifestations:
Pain due to bending/ lifting and physical exercise but not with
spondyloarthropathies where pain is alleviated by exercise.
Often pain and numbness in the buttock and down the back of the leg
(sciatica pain).
Can be bowel and bladder dysfunction, loss of genital sensation and
erectile dysfunction.
Diagnosis:
Usually there are no pathological changes and a specific diagnosis cannot
be made.
X-rays might show pathological changes.
CT and MRI for IVD and spinal root compression.
2. Discuss types, pathology and clinical manifestations of muscular dystrophy.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy:
Pathology:
oX-linked recessive condition > almost exclusively in males but
females can be carriers.
oSevere deficiency of dystroponin > a protein that links thin
filaments to cell membrane and supports muscle fiber strength.
Clinical manifestations:
oWeakness of proximal muscles, usually starts in lower limbs.
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