IMED1002 Study Guide - Final Guide: Haemophilia, Blood Type, Y Chromosome
LECTURE 29,30 &31 – INHERITANCE
A gene is a piece of DNA that encodes a particular trait. An allele is an alternate form of a gene and the location of a
gene on the chromosome is called its locus. Genotype refers to the complete set of genes/alleles an individual
possesses (the indiidual’s genetic composition) while phenotype refers to the observed physical manifestation of a
gene/allele.
Define:
Dominant allele - Can be expressed alone/in a pair (eg. Aa/AA)
Homozygous – Both alleles are the same (eg. aa/AA)
Heterozygous – Each allele is different from each other (eg. Aa)
What are the ploidies of:
Somatic cells: Diploid Zygotes: Diploid Gametes: Haploid
Human traits can be controlled by single genes (meaning they are monogenic), many genes (polygenic), multiple
alleles or sex-linked genes. Draw a tree diagram showing how monogenic disorders can be inherited (which genes
they could be linked to):
State Mendel’s First La
Independent assortment = when alleles segregate into separate gametes, they are sorted independently, giving rise
to genetic variation
Draw a punnet square for a heterozygous yellow pea crossed with a homozygous green pea where yellow is the
dominant trait and green is the recessive trait.
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Document Summary
A gene is a piece of dna that encodes a particular trait. An allele is an alternate form of a gene and the location of a gene on the chromosome is called its locus. Genotype refers to the complete set of genes/alleles an individual possesses (the indi(cid:448)idual"s genetic composition) while phenotype refers to the observed physical manifestation of a gene/allele. Dominant allele - can be expressed alone/in a pair (eg. aa/aa) Homozygous both alleles are the same (eg. aa/aa) Heterozygous each allele is different from each other (eg. aa) Human traits can be controlled by single genes (meaning they are monogenic), many genes (polygenic), multiple alleles or sex-linked genes. Draw a tree diagram showing how monogenic disorders can be inherited (which genes they could be linked to): Independent assortment = when alleles segregate into separate gametes, they are sorted independently, giving rise to genetic variation.
