PATH2220 Study Guide - Final Guide: Antibody, Antigen, Virus Latency
Infection and Disease
Epidemics and Infection:
• Pandemic → whole world
• Epidemic → whole community
• Case cluster → group of infections, usually connected by one source
• Outbreak → colloquial term with variable meaning
• Main infectious diseases
o TB
o Malaria
o HIV/AIDS
o Influenza
• Machiavelli Paradox → outcomes are better when the correct treatment
starts early but when it’s easiest to make a diagnosis it’s harder to cure
• Illness → subjective lack of wellbeing
• Disease → collection of objective clinical feature
• Infection → process resulting from encounter with biological agent
• Microbe → living thing that cannot be seen without a microscope
Bacterial Infections:
• Bacteria → prokaryotic
• Staphylococci
o Occur in clumps/clusters
o 40% are strains are resistant to typical antibiotics
o Causes invasive infections of skin/soft tissue → boils/pustule
o Can go into bloodstream and spread into other organs
• Klebsiella
o Gram-negative
o Act as molecular magnet to genes
o More resistant to antibiotics → CARs
o Resistance spreading all around the world
• Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
o Gram-negative
o Gauses gonorrhea
o Diplococcus
o Borrows into inflammatory cells
o Sexually transmitted
• Neisseria Meningitidis
o Causes meningitis
o Starting to become drug resistant
o Same structure as Neisseria gonorrhoeae
o Preventable disease
o Affects brain → cranial nerve damage
• Tuberculosis
o Single most common cause of infectious death
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