PHYL2001 Study Guide - Final Guide: Gamete, Granulosa Cell, Egg Cell
Female Reproduction
Hormonal Control of Reproduction in Females:
• Hormones involved in female reproduction
o Estrogens → estradiol-17� and estrone → promote oestrosus
o Progesterone → required for pregnancy and gestation
• Both hormones are steroid hormones
• Circulate in bloodstream bound to plasma proteins
• Unbound hormones → biologically active
• Stimulate target organs of reproductive system
• Released in short bursts or pulses at intervals of 1-3 hours
• Also some adrenal input
o Zona reticularis in adrenal cortex
o Adrenal androgens → DHEA → testosterone
o Sole source of androgens in females
o Involved in development of secondary sexual characteristics
Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles:
• Depends on complex hormonal communication between hypothalamus,
anterior pituitary and gonads (ovaries)
• Hormonal changes result in cyclic processes of ovulation and
menstruation
• Occurs after onset of puberty → female reproductive system shows
regular cyclic activities
• Represents periodic preparation for fertilization and pregnancy
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