PHYL2001 Study Guide - Final Guide: Oncotic Pressure, Coagulation, Carbamino
PHYL2001 Revision Blood
!
Blood:
-total body water = 60% of body weight (male), 50% of body
weight (female)!
-2/3 of TBW is in ICF!
-1/3 of TBW is in ECF!
-20% of ECF is plasma, remaining 80% is lymph and interstitial
fluid!
-5L blood for 70kg (6-8% of body mass)!
Components of blood:
-Plasma (55%)!
-Buffy coat (<1%)!
-Blood cells (45%)!
Serum = fluid filtered from clotted blood!
Difference between plasma and serum: serum cannot clot, no clotting properties!
Plasma:
-Water!
-Plasma proteins !
1. albumin - made in liver. Loss of this, fall in colloid osmotic pressure, which causes plasma
flows out into IF, leaks out, oedema!
2. Platelets activated by plasma proteins, which activate coagulation cascade, causing
fibrinogen -> fibrin = forms a clot!
3. Immunity!
-Salt!
-Nutrients!
-Wastes!
*Albumin binds calcium
Properties of RBC:
-biconcave discs shape, can fold and squeeze through thin capillaries!
-6-8 micron!
-Transport Hb which binds to heme, transports O2 (reversible)!
-Have membrane which contains Hb, no nucleus/organelles!
-120 days turnover!
-Forms carbamino compounds!
-1 heme unit = 1 iron unit (each in 1 subunit)!
RBC Production:
-Hypoxia stimulates kidneys to produce EPO!
-EPO goes to BM, stimulating erythropoiesis !
-HSC -> -> -> RBCs!
-Increase O2 transport = reverse hypoxia!
Document Summary
Total body water = 60% of body weight (male), 50% of body weight (female) 20% of ecf is plasma, remaining 80% is lymph and interstitial. 5l blood for 70kg (6-8% of body mass) Di erence between plasma and serum: serum cannot clot, no clotting properties. Plasma proteins: albumin - made in liver. Loss of this, fall in colloid osmotic pressure, which causes plasma. Ows out into if, leaks out, oedema: platelets activated by plasma proteins, which activate coagulation cascade, causing. Biconcave discs shape, can fold and squeeze through thin capillaries. Transport hb which binds to heme, transports o2 (reversible) Have membrane which contains hb, no nucleus/organelles. 1 heme unit = 1 iron unit (each in 1 subunit) What stimulates rbc production: hypoxia, testosterone, gh, thyroid hormone. = packed cell volume = rbc + buffy coat (only in phyl) Wbc: immunity: granulocytes (basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil) = polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
