SSEH1101 Study Guide - Final Guide: Fibrocartilage Callus, Tuberosity Of The Tibia, Medullary Cavity
20 Jun 2018
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Common Injuries to Bone & Their Repair
FRACTURE HEALING PROCESS
1. Haemotoma Formation → After fracture, blood vessels in the bone and periosteum are
torn and begin to hemorrhage. As a result, haemotoma forms at site. Bone cells deprived
of nutrients begin to die and tissue becomes inflamed swollen and painful
2. Granular material formation (fibrocartilage callus) → within frew days, soft callus
forms caused by invasion of capillaries, phagocytic cells clean debris, fibroblast migrate
into site and fill area with collagen, osteoblast migrate into site from periosteum and
begin bone formation
3. Hard callus formation → the activity of osteoblasts causes new spongey bone to form
within soft callus. Hard callus begins 3-4 weeks after injury contines 2-3 months.
4. Remodelling → During the hard callus stage and continue for several months. Excess
material around fracture site is removed, as well as from within medullary cavity.
Compact bone is laid down to reform the shaft walls.
FRACTURE TYPES
1. Open v Closed
2. Complete v Incomplete
3. Displaced v Non-displayed
FRACTURE TREATMENT
1. Closed reduction → bone ends are coaxed back into position manually
2. Open reduction → bone ends are secured together surgically with pins or wires
OVERUSE INJURIES
1. Tibial Pain
a. Tibial flexing → inflammation of periosteum
b. Linear pain → due to pressure on fascia
2. Stress Fractures → not complete break and is caused by sub-maximal repeated loading.
3. Osgood Schlatter’s disease/Traction periostitis of tibial tuberosity → very common
among adolescents (pain subsides with rest)
OVER INJURIES - TREATMENT
→ Rest
→ Ice
→ Compression
→ Elevation
→ Referral to medical practitioner
a. Physiotherapy
b. Anti-inflammatory medication
c. Modify activity
Document Summary
Fracture healing process: haemotoma formation after fracture, blood vessels in the bone and periosteum are torn and begin to hemorrhage. Hard callus begins 3-4 weeks after injury contines 2-3 months. material around fracture site is removed, as well as from within medullary cavity. Compact bone is laid down to reform the shaft walls. Fracture types: open v closed, complete v incomplete, displaced v non-displayed. Fracture treatment: closed reduction bone ends are coaxed back into position manually, open reduction bone ends are secured together surgically with pins or wires. Referral to medical practitioner: physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medication, modify activity, change footwear. Fractures: avulsion / traction osteochondritis often body attachment of muscle is torn away rather than muscle or tendon tearing, epiphyseal fractures uneven growth if left untreated. Dislocations and subluxations: dislocations, complete separation of joint, subluxations, partial separation of joint, treatment, care required by reducing activity in joint.
