22. Which of the following situations has thegreatest potential for observer bias in an experimentalstudy?
A. Dr. Jones is evaluating cancer patients fortheir responses to a new therapeutic drug. She knows which patientsare receiving the drug and which patients are receiving theplacebo.
B. Graduate student Jonas Brownis conducting a survey of weight loss for his professor. He askseach student in the study the same questions.
C. Ms McCormack is an outsideconsultant who is conducting a health and wellness survey for apharmaceutical company. She neither knows the name of the company,nor the name of the drug being tested during thesurvey.
D. Dr. Smith is analyzing biopsyexamples from rats who have been given either a placebo or anexperimental drug believed to reduce inflammation. Each sample isidentified by a code number; therefore, Dr. Smith cannot tell whichtreatment each rat received.
E. Ms Williamson is a researchtechnician who surveys the responses to a new cold remedy by astudy group. She only knows the e-mail address of each participantand asks them identical questions by computer.
23. Changing one amino acid within a protein couldchange what about a protein?
A. The primarystructure
B. The overall shape of theprotein
C. The function of theprotein
D. All of the above
24. A shortage of phosphorus in the soil wouldmake especially difficult for a plant to manufacture
A. DNA
B. Protein
C. Cellulose
D. Fatty acid
25. A biochemist measures the amount of DNA incells growing in the laboratory. The quantity of DNA in a cellwould be found to double
A. Between prophase and anaphaseof mitosis
B. Between the G1 and G2 phasesof the cell cycle
C. During the M phase of thecell cycle
D. Between prophase I andprophase II of meiosis
26. Of the following, which describes protistsmost inclusively?
A. Multicellulareukaryotes
B. protozoans
C. eukaryotes that are notplants, fungi or animals
D. Single celled organismsclosely related to bacteria
E. All of the above
27. Which of the following is not a function ofmitosis in humans?
A. Repair of wounds
B. growth
C. production of gametes fromdiploid cells
D. replacement of lost ordamaged cells
28. Sports physiologists at an Olympic trainingcenter want to monitor athletes to find at what point their musclesare functioning anaerobically. They can do this by monitoring thebuildup of:
A. ADP
B. Lactic acid
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Oxygen
E. protein
29. You look into a light microscope and view anunknown cell. What might you see that would tell you whether thecell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A. A rigid cellwall
B. A nucleus
C. A plasmamembrane
D. Ribosomes
30. A sulfur atom has 6 electrons in its third(outermost) shell, which can hold 8 electrons. As a results it canform______ covalent bonds with other atoms.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 6
D. 8
ESSAY SECTION
Complete 8 essay questions: complete questions 1-6(required) as well as complete 2 of questions 7-10.
REQUIRED QUESTIONS: 1-6 must beanswered.
ALTERNATE QUESTIONS: 7-10. Select 2 of thesequestions to answer.
INSTRUCTIONS: Each question is worth 2.5 points.Total points for this section is 20 points.
**Do not enter your answers here.** Type youranswers into the Answer Sheet provided by yourinstructor.
1. You scoop up a water samplefrom a local pond nearby, because you are curious about thepossible microbes that might live there. After looking at severalslides that held drops of the sample, you noticed two differentkinds of cells: One kind was very small and had no separateinternal structures; the other kind was much larger, and itcontained several kinds of internal structures that were physicallydifferent from each other. Please name each cell and brieflydescribe their overall similarities and differences.
2. PKU(phenylketonuria) is an enzyme deficiency disease that onlydevelops in individuals who are homozygous recessive for that gene.An individual with PKU has parents that do not have this disease.What is the parents
