BIOL 2P97 Final: Blood Flow and Blood Pressure-EXAM.docx

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The blood vessels: walls are composed of, smooth muscle, elastic connective tissue, fibrous connective tissue, thin layer of endothelial cells. Vascular smooth muscle: smooth muscle can constrict or dilate, these processes are called. , vasoconstriction narrows the lumen, vasodilation widens the lumen. 1: carry blood away from the heart, thick smooth muscle, elastic and fibrous tissues, stiff vessels, but springy walls! High force is required to stretch the walls: but that energy is released when the elastic fibers recoil and propel blood forward. Capillaries: these are the smallest vessels and only have an endothelial layer it is where exchange of oxygen and nutrients occurs, not all capillaries can exchange nutrients to the same extent some are more. Leaky than others: cells around them are called pericytes (peri around) determine their leakiness, more pericytes = less leakiness (ie. the blood brain barrier = lots of pericytes )

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