CHEM 1P00 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes -
CHEM 1P00
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
CHYS 2P38
Lecture 1
September 11, 2018
Office Hours
Monday & Tuesdays 10-12
Summaries
- What the argument is about?
- What are they saying?
- How do you respond to that article? Do you agree or disagree?
- 2-3 sentences not long
- Submit one hour before seminar
- 5 of them throughout the course
- At least two must be done before October 19
Midterm test
- Two questions, but pick one
- Around 1000 words
- Posted 3pm on October 16 and due October 22
Blog
- On the topic of your choice
- Make them engaging
Historical analysis of childhood is limited by a lack of evidence, so that historical representations
often say more about the present than the past
Past information about childhoods
- DeMause (1974) argued that medieval childhood was a “nightmare”
- Linda Pollock (1983) used documents to show that children were not routinely abused
a. Documents say little about peasant childhood, nothing about different cultural or
racial childhoods
- Historical accounts of non-European childhoods tend to be of colonial childhoods
- Eric Wolf’s Europe and the People without history (1982) argues that the idea of history
is itself a European construct
a. According to Wolf, our conception of history is based on notions of non-
European societies as lacking the idea of linear progress, something that he
rejected
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
- By 1400m global networks emerged around the trade in gold, spices and slaved
- Ethno-historical accounts of non-european societies suggested that in most non-european
societies the young were valued not only sentimentally, but also economically according
to their capacity
- The changing colonial economy transformed the lives of children and families; as Grier
argues in Invisible Hands (2006), Zimbabwean children were often forced to labor while
their European peers were legislated into schools
- The experience “childhood” is mediated by “race”, class and gender
Is there a universal phenomenon we can call childhood?
- Wells, while recognizing the flaws in Aries’ argument, asserts that childhood as “a
distinct phase in the life cycle” is universal”
- Jens Qvortrup- understanding the phenomenon of childhood in the instance in which ir
occurs
- Argues for a macro analysis of childhood, and how it occurs in national, socio-economic
and cultural frameworks
- The protected nurturing European (and American) childhood is a minority childhood
Childhood
- As a distinct phase is structured different from the notion that it is “socially constructed”
- Childhood is a biological structure in most cultures
- Childhood can be described as a discourse – following Foucalts power/knowledge
framework
- Aries book, however, was a watershed event for what has become known as the “new”
sociology of childhood
- Prout and James Constructing and reconstructing childhood (1990) and Theorizing
Childhood and
- The “new” paradigm was a sign cant shift from what came before- positivistic sociology
and psychology that focused more on what they would (or would not) become, rather
than what they are
- A central argument was that children and youth are social agents
Sociology
- In sociology the debate over how much agency individuals have within the social
structures is still current
- Some theories understand children and youth as subjects; subjects to social formation,
power, discourses; what the “new” sociologist argued on the contrary, it is that
individuals can shape discourse, politics and society by creatively re-interpreting the
structures they live within
- We often speak of theoretical “lenses, ways of seeing social phenomenon
Objective/representative paradigm
- Mirror of nature
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
At least two must be done before october 19. Posted 3pm on october 16 and due october 22. Historical analysis of childhood is limited by a lack of evidence, so that historical representations often say more about the present than the past. Demause (1974) argued that medieval childhood was a nightmare . Linda pollock (1983) used documents to show that children were not routinely abused: documents say little about peasant childhood, nothing about different cultural or racial childhoods. Historical accounts of non-european childhoods tend to be of colonial childhoods. Eric wolf"s europe and the people without history (1982) argues that the idea of history is itself a european construct: according to wolf, our conception of history is based on notions of non- European societies as lacking the idea of linear progress, something that he rejected. By 1400m global networks emerged around the trade in gold, spices and slaved.
