HLSC 2P09 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Skeletal Muscle, Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate, Troponin
26 Jul 2018
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Document Summary
Signal transduction is the process by which an extracellular signal molecule activates a membrane receptor than in turn alters intracellular molecules to create a response. Extracellular signal molecule is the first messenger, intracellular is second messenger. Proteins that regulate gene activity. receptor enzymes have two regions. Receptor region on extracellular side, an enzyme region on cytoplasmic side. The enzymes of receptor- enzymes are either protein kinases, such as tyrosine kinase or guanylyl cyclase (amplifier enzyme that converts gtp to cyclic gmp) G protein coupled receptor cross lipid layer seven times. When g proteins are activated their 1) open an ion channel in the membrane 2) alter enzyme activity on the cytoplasmic side of membrane. Two most common amplifier enzymes for g protein are adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase c. Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme that converts atp to the second messenger molecule cyclic. Amp which then activates protein kinase a which phosphorylates other intracellular proteins.
