BIOL 1103 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Dna, Bacteria, Protein
BIOL 1103
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Biology Lecture 1
Introductory Concepts and Unifying Themes
Introduction:
- All forms of life share common properties
- The cell theory claims that all the organisms are composed of one or more cells
- They are the structural and functional units of life
- Takes in certain aspects that considers the environment
- It is an organizational unit
- Organelles all serve a function and an advantage to compartilization
- The biomacromolecules consist of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
- The cell is a metabolic unit that requires the transfer and transformation of energy and
matter to carry on with life
- The cellular processes are Respiration, glycolysis, photosynthesis, and fermentation
Importance of Light:
- The visible light that we see is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum
- It travels in waves of discrete particles called photons
- Light is a source of energy for the ecosystem especially when it comes to photosynthesis
and cellular respirationsas the light is emitted from the sun
A Cell as an Informational Unit:
- Expression of genetic information is a big thing in lifes processes as it is DNA and it
contains all the information necessary for carrying out the cellular function
- The information transfer is carried through a linear array of bases in a strand of DNA to
the synthesis, structure, localization, and the function macromolecules
- The two strands are antiparallel and are held together by hydrogen bonds between the
complementary bases
A Cell as a Reproductive Unit:
- Life’s processes also include the transmission of genetic information
- When a cell reproduces the genetic information must be passed on
- An entire library full of genetic information that an organism inherits is called a genome
- Humans differ from one another by 0.1-0.4%
- The differences between people is the nucleotide arrangement sequences
Unity and Diversity:
- Unity of life is based on DNA and the common genetic code
- Genes are the unit of inheritance that transmits information from the parents to offsprings
- The genes are grouped into DNA molecules called chromosomes and controls the activity
of the cell
- Diversity of life arises from the differences in the DNA sequence
- It is the hallmark of life, like when Biologists have identifies 1.8 million species
- All the taxonomy names, species, and classifying them into the system of broader groups
- The Diversity of life can be classified into three domains known as the Bacteria, Archaea,
and Eukarya.
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Evolution:
- The history of life is based on the documented fossils which also shows that the saga of
the earth has been changing
- Kinship and Diversity is a big thing when talking about evolution
- Charles Darwins theory on the Survival of the Fittest, basically natural selection
- The trait of an individual in populations will vary from their parents to adapt to the
environment they are in
- The evolutionary theory is useful in medicine, agriculture, forensics, and the environment
- Human caused environmental changes are also a powerful, selective force that effects
evolution in many species and the world
- Antibiotic resistant bacteria, pesticide resistant pests, endangered species, and increasing
rates of extinction all due to humans adapting to this world and changing the regular
ways of all species
Scientific Process:
- Using deductive reasoning to test a hypothesis
- A scientific theory is well substantiated explanation that incorporates facts, laws, and
hypotheses
- Lastly an end point of science developed from extensive observation and
experimentation.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
All forms of life share common properties. The cell theory claims that all the organisms are composed of one or more cells. They are the structural and functional units of life. Takes in certain aspects that considers the environment. Organelles all serve a function and an advantage to compartilization. The biomacromolecules consist of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. The cell is a metabolic unit that requires the transfer and transformation of energy and. It is an organizational unit matter to carry on with life. The cellular processes are respiration, glycolysis, photosynthesis, and fermentation. The visible light that we see is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light is a source of energy for the ecosystem especially when it comes to photosynthesis. It travels in waves of discrete particles called photons and cellular respirationsas the light is emitted from the sun.
