BIOL 2107- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 127 pages long!)

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For help: email kelsea and cc kristina (kelseamckay@cmail. carleton. ca; krinstinashostak@cmail. carleton. ca) Proteins: macromolecules made of amino acids; amino acid sequence is determined by dna sequence. Biological systems: network of interactions between molecules or groups of cells. Dna: macromolecule made of nucleic acids; stores information. Dna is comprised of four nitrogenous bases (g, a, c and t), a deoxyribose and a phosphate. G-c have 3 hydrogen bonds between them whereas a-t have 2 hydrogen bonds. The strands of the double helix are in opposite orientation. Biological information is encoded in the nucleotide sequence of dna. Chromosome: organelles that package and manage the storage, duplication and expression of dna. The order of amino acids determines the type of protein and its three dimensional structure. Four structures of a protein: primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence; determined by inherited genetic information, secondary structure are regular repeated coils and folds within polypeptide chain.

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